Consequences of 9/11

Running Head Consequences of 9/11 Serious Consequences of September 11th Kristen Brobst The University Of Findlay Abstract This literature review examines five scholarly diary articles that thoroughly address how citizens across the nation were deface forever, after the 2001 September 11th terrorist attack, which negatively force the entire United States. This community wide calamity was a life changing event which physic hardlyy, mentally, and ablazely wedged thousands of plentys lives. Many perturbations were developed from this tragic event, including mail service traumatic sift deflect, alcoholism, and depression.Imagine stand up on the ground watching both of the highest towers in overbold York City, standing at one thousand triad-hundred sixty-eight feet high, fall recompense before your eyes. Horrifying, right? The 2001 attack was a life changing event, which physically, mentally, and emotionally impacted citizens in dramatic ways. That Tuesday September ninth morning, around 845AM, New York City was below attack. The attacks consisted of a series of coordinated suicide bombings by Al-Qaeda upon the United States. On that day, nineteen Islamist terrorists affiliated with al-Qaeda hijacked four commercial cronkenger squirt airlines.The hijackers intentionally flew two of the commercial airliners, American Airline Flight 11 and United Airline Flight 175, into the North and South towers of the World bargain revolve around Complex in New York City. It instantly killed everyone on board, hundreds of other(a)s working in the buildings, and trapping even more(prenominal) slew in the high floors of the towers. inwardly two hours, both twin towers collapsed, destroying nearby buildings and damaging others. The attack killed nearly three thousand people that day (9/11 Attacks, para. 2). later on the September 11th terrorist attack, Americans were scarred forever.The survivors, residents, and citizens of the community-wide misfortune are suffering various health bothers because of this traumatic experience. Analysis of five scholarly journal articles found through library databases, the authors reveal how the citizens lives were negatively impacted from the attack of terrorism. In a research article Alcohol use, Mental Health Status and Psychological Well-being 2 Years After the World Trade Center Attacks in New York City by Richard Adams, Joseph Boscarino, and Sandro Galea (2006), three surveys were conducted to guide their study.The authors hypothesized how these disorders developed from the attack impacted individuals. The surveys were sent out by telephone using random digit dialing where they could reach citizens that were affected. To be eligible to answer the survey questions, an adult was selected based on the person with the most new birthday in the household, and they had to speak English or Spanish for the surveyors to understand their responses. The article states that They conducted surveys in Octobe r of 2002, in October 2003 another survey was sent out and the weather survey sent out was in February of 2004, (Adams et al, 2006, p. 06). The procedures and questions were all the same throughout each survey nothing was different. Surveyors were interviewed and monitored throughout the survey to make sure the surveys were accurate. Within the survey, people were tested on various subjects. The conductors of this survey tested the association mingled with alcohol use and the severity of post traumatic stress disorder symptoms due to the terrorist attack. All together four thousand-forty nine people completed the surveys, (Adams et al, p. 206). This amount of people completing this survey is very high.In the first survey, they asked respondents whether their symptoms had bothered them or not. If they said no, they got a zero, but if they said somewhat, or not at all, their results were recorded between zero and six. Furthermore, if they answered a little bit, or a lot, they scored between seven and ten. In follow up, if their score was between seven and ten, then it was considered a serious case in which they had to do something around it (Adams et al, p. 207). To complete the criteria of this survey, people had to meet certain symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder.Many of the people did not meet the complete criteria of post traumatic stress disorder, so they had to broaden the survey. The symptoms that people needed to possess were re-experiencing the traumatic event, avoidance of thoughts or places related to the event, and arousal. The participants were then judged according to how many of these symptoms that they presented with. They qualified for full post traumatic stress disorder if they held two or more of these traits. The respondents were considered partial post traumatic stress disorder if they scarcely met one or two of them.They said twenty dollar bill portion of the respondents were classified for post traumatic stress disorder from th e attack. Eight percent had partial post traumatic stress disorder and ten percent had high post traumatic stress disorder, (Adams et al, p. 213). As you can converge, many people obtained this disorder from this attack. More of the participants were classified as having higher amplitude of this disorder than having only partial. This terrorist attack affected many people, not only in gaining post traumatic stress disorder, but also in various other ways.The next survey analyse alcoholism, which was gained from the terrorist attack. The surveyors questioned how many times had the participant drank six or more alcoholic beverages in one dining after the 2001 attack. The answers they could corroborate chosen were never, less than, or monthly. Fifteen percent met the criteria for binge alcoholism. Five percent met the criteria for alcohol dependence and ten percent were reported as an profit of four or more days drinking per month, (Adams et al, p. 213). Furthermore, people devel oped a problem with drinking due to the attack. More people were seen binge drinking than any other mixed bag.After the September 11th attack, studies have shown that there was an increase in the amount of alcohol people consumed compared to before the attack. The traumatic event that the citizens experience led them to drinking excessive amounts of alcohol. Not only did alcohol increase after the attack, but psychological problems began to elevate. The final survey that was sent out studied psychological disorders, such as depression. When studying depression, a person had to present with five or more symptoms for at least two weeks in the net year. This meant they were diagnosed with a depressive disorder.Examples of these symptoms are stress, emotional problems during the day, timbre depressed, always down, in a bad mood, and says negative things (Adams et al, p. 208). The studies showed that Twelve percent of the respondents had major depression, and approximately nine perce nt were described as unhealthy, (Adams et al, p. 213). These people needed to seek avail from a physician. This attack had a major impact of the mental health of the people affected. Adams et al are not the only people who studied these types of disorders that were developed after the 9/11 attack.Similarly in with Adams et al, in an article Disaster and Trauma pile Bakalar (2002) studies post traumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in connection to 9/11. He gathered information from other studies on the topic from a survey that was sent out after the attack questioning how many people had symptoms of depression, troubles falling dormant at night, and had trouble concentrating, (Bakalar, 2002, p. 1). The study had shown that the number of convinced(p) sleeping medicine and antidepressants had arisen exceedingly since the September 11th attack because of paranoia.People were worried about(predicate) what might happen next and if they were safe at night. They were having troubles falling asleep at night due to over thinking of the horrifying tragedy. The damage that the attack left behind had initiated symptoms of depression on the people. Symptoms of depression are anxiety, nervousness, feeling down, and or sad. These were not the only emotions people were feeling. The community wide attack left several others feeling emotions of religious servicelessness, scared and freighted. These are a common menage of post traumatic stress disorder.It often increases blood flow and produces an excessive amount of adrenaline making the heart pump more rapidly. Bakalar states how respondents should overcome post traumatic stress disorder with some tactics. Victims should join a support convention in which others have the same disorder as well where they all talk about the problem. Bakalar goes on to say, they give meaning to their experience by telling their stories and listening to other victims whose similar experiences promote understanding and sympathy, (Bakalar, p. 4). This can help them to relate to one another, so they have a better understanding about what they are discharge through.It helps to talk about feelings that are held inside, and to retell the tarradiddle over once again to listeners that have similar stories. Talking with others that have the same problem or symptoms helps the respondents become more comfortable with themselves because they are not the only one with this problem. To help patients move beyond these feelings due to trauma from the disaster, they should continue normal everyday activities. The author addressed that They should have confidence in the early to get on with their lives, and they should keep faith in everyday activities, (Bakalar, p. 5).This will help the victims to break free from their past experiences and keeping busy will help distract the negative feelings in order to overcome the symptoms. This is meet a few ways to overcome the psychological impact of the September 11th attack. additionally with Adams et al and Bakalar, in the research article titled The Emotional Distress in a Community after the Terrorist Attack on the World Trade Center by Teddy Chen, Henry Chung, Chen Hongtu, Chen Jian-Ping, and Fang Lin (2003). They hypothesized how the short term psychological impacts of the September 11th attack affected the immediate approximation of the world trade center.The surveys they sent out were displayed in a waiting area for random citizens to fill out. They surveyed emotional responses of the survivors within the week that it happened and then again five months later to show more accurate statistics. The results showed that Five hundred fifty-five community residents or eighty-eight percent of the citizens completed the survey, (Chen et al, 2003, p. 159). The age group of the participants ranged from eight years old to eighty-six years old. The average age groups of the participants were around forty years old.He states that Results of the first survey that was sent out a few weeks after the disaster showed eighty-eight percent of the respondents had one or more psychiatric symptoms. Over half the community residents had four or more symptoms that dealt with emotional distress. The survey that was sent out five months later showed only fifty-three of the respondents had one or more emotional distress symptom, (Chen et al, p. 159). The 9/11 attack proved to be the reason that half the community has consistently had at least one symptom of emotional distress.As time went on the emotional distress seemed to dissipate. Although this problem seemed to dissolve, it had a serious impact on people. The study illustrated that the emotional distress had a more serious impact on the cock-a-hoop adults around the ages of forty through fifty-nine than it had on any of the other age groups. The symptoms they had were anxiety, nervousness, low self esteem, sadness, and depression. These symptoms demonstrated the tremendous psychological trauma caused by this disaster, (Chen et al, p. 161).The trauma from the attack placed a burden on a person that was not apparent before. Several months after the attack had happened the community was excuse suffering from these symptoms. Studies conducted that Less than four percent of the people received help from a mental health professional, (Chen et al, p. 162). Many of the residents would not seek help in counseling because they thought that time would just heal them. In result, the study had shown that the terrorist attack impacted the immediate neighborhoods, which were the residents that live cheeseparingr to the world trade center.These residents had higher levels of emotional distress within the first few weeks that the attack occurred. With the destruction in the city that the attack left behind, it is not astounding that these high results in emotional distress would appear because of this traumatic, unimaginable event. Each situation impacted the people in a negative way. I n comparison, In the article When a terrorist Attacks September 11 and the Impact on cured Adults in New York City Igal Jellinek and Judy Willig (2007) address the terrorist attack focusing mainly on how the elderly were impacted in a negative way in New York City.Jellinek and Willig specifically target how the attack personally impacted the fourth-year adults that were nearby Manhattan. These citizens were paying a vast amount of money to live there because of the scenic view. The beautiful scene of the Manhattan skyline lit up New York City, but in just seconds it was demolished from the attack. The view of that skyline was distorted that September 11th day, and the senior citizens would never see that stunning view again. Many of the older adults were worried about the problems that they would soon face.Jellinek and Willig conducted a survey that was sent out to clients, staff, and several different agencies to see who was worried about safety, who had lost loved ones, and who had no one close to vent to. Results of the survey had shown that everyone was worried about their safety, and no one felt safe where they were. Since the attack hit so close to their homes, everyone was left worried about what was exit to happen next. Everyone was upset and damaged from this disaster. The authors stated The community all needed counseling or just someone to talk to (Jellinek and Willig, 2007, p. 3). The attack impacted the elderly more direct and personally than anyone. The older adults lost loved ones, neighbors, and many close friends that they have known for years. All they had left were the memories. Not only did the attack affect them mentally and emotionally, but physically as well. When the attack hit, the elderly residents were in shock and devastated. Their daily routines were rudely interrupted by the attack. The older adults were unable to get care and the attention they were provided with on a daily basis. They could not receive supplies or help that w as needed due to ecurity reasons everything was on fastening down. These restrictions prevented the older adults from meeting their personal needs. This was very hard for the older adults to cope with. For some of the older adults, the terrorist attack had refueled traumas from years back, making it hard for them to cope with what was going on. Not seeing those trade towers that stood there every day made the attack vividly come back to mind. The elderly could not physically see the trade towers standing, but they could visualize how they once stood in the city of New York.Viewing the scene of the skyline, noticing that the towers were gone, made the citizens realize how real the tragedy was. Supporting Jellinek, Willig, and the other three scholarly journal articles, in the article September 11th and the Mourning After Media Narrating Grief, written by Adi Drori-Avraham (2006). He focuses on the impact of grieving and plaint of the citizens across the United States due to the tra gedy. Drori-Avraham concentrates on the two different types of mourning that the New York City residents could be in or were about to experience.He states, The good kind of mourning is a movement forward driven by a passion for meaning. In other words, people need to let go of the sack and move on to a healthy future. The bad kind of mourning is called melancholia, which is destructive grieving, (Drori-Avraham, 2006, p. 289). This is the oppo pose of making ones life meaningful again. Drori-Avraham mentions an exceptional(a) example of unhealthy grieving. The unhealthy grieving is when New York City employees, tourists, and picture takers are capturing those last moments of the world trade center. These pictures are capturing the memories of what the United States has lost.The city residents that pass by the location of the falling twin towers are now walking by passing the devastating site everyday in order to go back to work. The residents are grieving at the site that was onc e miraculous. When tourists are there taking pictures and pointing out the memories of loved ones that have been lost, the residents are yet again reminded about that iniquitous day. As the community residents walk by day by day they are constantly reminded about the unexpected tragedy on September 11th. When thousands of people die many thousands are left in the state of mourning.This is a natural occurrence when lives are lost. It is a very disturb time for everyone in the nation. Even normal grief can be prolonged for a long time when a community wide disaster takes place. Hurtful memories and photographs from the attack may still be present. Certain sounds or experiences may resemble the terrorist attack. This day with never be forgotten. The mass terrorist attack on the nation has impacted and changed many peoples lives because of the trauma they had perceived on that day. Post traumatic stress disorder is just one problem people developed from the attack.Another problem that was developed from the tragedy is depression. Several scientists also concluded that alcoholism is another trait that people acquired from the attack. Overall this attack has negatively impacted several people. I believe that in the future there should be more professional counselors willing to reach out and help others going through these disorders. References Adams, R. , Boscarino, J. , & Galea, S. 2006. Alcohol Use, Mental Health Status and Psychological Well-being 2 Years After the World Trade Center Attacks in New York City.American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse. 32(2), 203-224. Retrieved from http//metis. findlay. edu2066/login. aspx? direct=true&db=a9h&AN=20380132&site=ehost-live Bakalar, J 2002. Disaster and Trauma. Harvard Mental Health Letter. 18(7), 1-5. Retrieved from http//search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=a9h&AN=5762387&site=ehost-live Drori, A. 2006. September 11th and the Mourning After Media Narrating Grief. Journal of Media & Cultural Studies. 20 (3), 289-297. Doi 10. 1080/10304310600814110 Hongtu C. , Chung, H. Chen, T. ,Lin, F. , & Jian-Ping, C. 2003. The Emotional Distress in a Community After the Terrorist Attack on the World Trade Center. Community Mental Health Journal. 39(2), 157-165. Retrieved from http//metis. findlay. edu2066/login. aspx? direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9450651&site=ehost-live Jellinek, I. & Willig, J. 2007. When a Terrorist Attacks September 11 and the Impact on Older Adults in New York City. Generations. 31(4), 42-46. Retrieved from http//search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=a9h&AN=31633966&site=ehost-live

Reaction with pre employment seminar Essay

Due to the development of our society concerning the technical and estimable progress in the past decades and centuries it has become a very complicated network of different niches, which argon connected among each other. Accordingly each individual person has the run into and in the best cases blush the opportunity to select the niche he fits in more or less. The niche consists of several attributes like profession, social placement and political attitude. In consequence of already mentioned complexity of the society it is hard to find the perfect moving in for an individual, since there is a huge cluster of different professions. A source like the internet should aver our search in the mass of available data. Not only the quantity of information gives us a possibility to find something we require, but also the speed facilitates the search.And since every household has an internet connection, it is also such(prenominal) cheaper than buying a newspaper or going to a convent ion outside the city. A disadvantage of the internet is possibly a limitation of the ability to present you. A usual application has a certain structure, if not required differently. There is a certain pattern, which allows you to give just a down(p) amount of information about your personage. Also the curriculum vitae make it hard to express your possible qualities. A person, although certain data present, remains more or less anonymous.But luckily almost every connection has job interviews, where everybody has a chance to bring over the employer with the qualities, which were not or could not be mentioned in the application form. In a recruitment process, an interview is invariably one of the last but most crucial processes. It involves a one to one interaction of the candidates with the prospective employer. Besides giving the interviewer a chance to evaluate your strength and skill, it also gives you an opportunity to understand what to expect from the organization.No matter how well adequate and articulate one is for a job, there is nothing to replace thorough preparation for the interview. Have a salutary grip of your strengths and weakness. Know what to talk at the interview and how to handle the situation, if things do not go as planned. The first step in preparing for an interview is to put together a strategy. Try and learn that the interviewer would have already reviewed your restart, which provide the hard facts of your employment history and skills. You can make a good impression by reviewing how to bring forth your essential skills.There is a need to portray sincerely yours and politely, though enthusiastically your knowledge about the organization and its mission. For instance, it would be good to know the names and positions of make out people in the organization, its products/service and key business competitors. Preparation for an interview follows these steps. Keep yourself calm. Often going well prepared is the best way to enhance your confidence. Know all about the company, its business. Research the company and interviewer if possible. Analyze why you want the job.What soft skills do you have to offer the organization? For instance the resume may have shown some concrete examples of skills as a team player, but you need to convince interviewer of your ability to fit within a team. Prepare questions you wish to ask about the job or organization. Line up reference in advance in case you are asked for them.

Negative effect of video games on children Essay

The Negtive Effects of delineation recording Gaming on Children Children dont catch to buy an expensive gaming system to defraud video games anyto a greater extent, than heap simply log onto the lucre through their home computer or their hold devices and they have an array of videogames to choose from. Every age a child pops a business office play videogame into their gaming console or logs onto the earnings to play so called interactive video games, they enter a virtual world where there argon no literal consequences for their actions. While performing violent video games children stooge choose to play the violent roles of either car thieves or killers.The more time a child spends play video games the less time they spend engaged in normal loving activities with their friends. When a child is stoped to spend hours a daylight performing video games, especially violent role playing games, they can cause them to proceed violent, accessiblely isolated, and depressed. First person role playing games allow children to identify with their character (Harding). The more time children spend as killing machines in the false benignant beings of the video gaming world, the more desensitized they develop to death and killing in the real world.Studies have shown the more time children spend playing violent video games, the more likely they atomic number 18 to respond to real world situations with aggression and madness (Gordon). A 2004 take aim published in the Journal of Adolescence found children, peculiarly teens, who played violent video games are more likely to become aggressive, confrontational, and see a worsening in their academic performance (Harding). Allowing children to play violent video games is not worth the risk they siteChildren are exposed to enough violence through television without the help of violent games offered to them over the internet and through popular video gaming systems. Video games do not only expose children to vi olence they allow them to engage in it through the violent roles they allow them to play. Many of the roles children play over the internet or through their game consoles simulate real world situations where they can steal and murder with no consequences.Parents should not take to read the results of a study for them to realize that allowing their child to play violent roles in video games, where they kill and steal, will encourage violent conduct from them in the real world.During September 2009 in Ohio a 16 year old boy named Daniel Petric was proscribe by his bring from buying the cutting version of the violent video game Halo that he was obsessed with. After being forbidden from buying the new version of the violent game Daniel snuck out of his house and bought it anyway. When Daniels induce find he had disobeyed him, and bought the game, he took it away from him and locked it in his lockbox where he kept his gun.Later that same night, sixteen year old Daniel unlocked his fathers lockbox to retrieve his game and found his fathers gun. After finding the gun Daniel went into his parents bedroom and shot both his father and mother in the killing them (Gordon). No one can say with absolute certainty that the video game Halo caused the boy to shoot his parents. One thing is obvious, if the boys account of events are to be believed, the game played a huge factor in his descion to murder his parents that evening. fantastic behavior unfortunately is not the only negative effect from children playing video games to often.A recent study by Douglas A Gentile, an associate professor of psychology at Iowa State University found that children who spend some(prenominal) hours a day playing video games are at risk to become addicted to them. formerly a child becomes addicted to their video game, their addiction can cause them to become depressed, anxious, and have social problems including social isolation (Gilmore). If a child is spending several hours a day ga ming they can very easily become depressed. When a child spends most of their day playing video games they do not engage in normal healthy physical activity with their friends.It makes sense that the more time a child spends isolated playing video games the more likely they are to become depressed. Children need to spend time interacting with their friends in order to develop normal social skills. When children isolate themselves playing videogames altogether all day, they begin to lose their friends and social skills. Studies show that the depression caused from children pathologically playing video games can be easily lifted when they simply stop playing them (Frontelera). Douglas Gentile said, We found in children who started playing pathologically anxiety and depression got worse.And, when they stopped gaming the depression lifted (qtd. in Gilmore). The idea that allowing a child to play his or her favorite video game for a couple hours a day can lead them to social isolation m ay sound farfetched, unfortunately it is not. The more time a child spends playing video games the less desire they have for one on one human contact. Although, children have the ability to interact with other players including their friends through the internet, their friends become part of the game itself and there is no real contact.Children need to spend time in social environments with their peers in order to learn and oppose the social skills they need to navigate through life. When a child loses his or her social skills they quickly become isolated and depressed. Their isolation and depression can lead them to identify themselves more with the character they are playing in their videogame than their own real life. First person role playing games allow children to identify with their character. Studies have shown the more time teenagers spend playing violent videogames at home the more likely they are to respond to real world situations with aggression and violence.A childs i magination is amazing and sometimes limitless, unfortunately it can become dangerous when they begin to imagine themselves stealing cars and murdering people while playing first person role playing Videogames allow children to become kings and queens, or car thieves and murderers. Children can become so entranced by the different roles they play in the virtual worlds created for them through videogames that the line mingled with the real world and the virtual one depicted in the video games they are playing becomes blurred. . Violent video games rewarded children for things like stealing cars and killing people.

Digital Fortress Chapter 22

David Becker strode perpetu every last(predicate)yywhither and stared down at the honest-to-goodness cosmos asleep on the cot. The hu soldierykinds right wrist joint joint was wrapped in a cast. He was between sixty and seventy years old. His snow-white hairs-breadth was parted neatly to the side, and in the center of his forehead was a deep purple welt that fiesta down into his right eye.A shortsighted bump? he thought, rec exclusivelying the lieutenants words. Becker checked the humanitys fingers. T present was no golden bounce anywhere. Becker re ached down and touched the mans arm. Sir? He shook him lightly. Excuse me sir?The man didnt move.Becker tried again, a little louder. Sir?The man stirred. Quest-ce quelle heure est- He slowly opened his eyeball and focused on Becker. He scowled at having been disturbed. Quest-ce-que vous voulez?Yes, Becker thought, a French Canadian Becker smiled down at him. Do you have a moment?Although Beckers French was perfect, he spoke in what he hoped would be the mans weaker language, position. Convincing a total stranger to hand over a gold ring might be a little tricky Becker figured he could use any edge he could bunk. in that location was a broad silence as the man got his bearings. He surveyed his surroundings and lifted a yen finger to smooth his limp white mustache. in the end he spoke. What do you want? His English carried a thin, nasal accent.Sir, Becker said, over pronouncing his words as if oration to a deaf person, I need to ask you a few questions.The man glared up at him with a strange look on his face. Do you have some sort of problem?Becker frowned the mans English was impeccable. He immediately lost the condescending tone. Im sorry to bother you, sir, only when were you by any medical prognosis at the Plaza de Espana today?The old mans eyes narrowed. Are you from the City Council?No, actually Im-Bureau of tourism?No, Im-Look, I know why youre here The old man struggled to sit up. Im not going to be intimidated If Ive said it once, Ive said it a thousand times-Pierre Cloucharde prints the world the way he lives the world. Some of your bodied guidebooks might sweep this under the table for a free night on the town, but the Montreal time is not for hire I refuseIm sorry, sir. I dont think you under-Merde alors I understand perfectly He wagged a bony finger at Becker, and his voice echoed through the gymnasium. Youre not the low gear They tried the analogous thing at the Moulin Rouge, Browns Palace, and the Golfigno in Lagos But what went to press? The truth The worst Wellington Ive ever eaten The filthiest value-added tax Ive ever seen And the rockiest beach Ive ever walked My readers expect no lessPatients on near cots began sitting up to see what was going on. Becker looked around nervously for a view as. The last thing he needed was to gravel kicked stunned.Cloucharde was raging. That miserable excuse for a police officer works for your city He made me consume on his motorcycle Look at me He tried to lift his wrist. Now whos going to write my column?Sir, I-Ive never been so uncomfortable in my forty-three years of travel Look at this place You know, my column is syndicated in over-Sir Becker held up both hands urgently signaling truce. Im not arouse in your column Im from the Canadian Consulate. Im here to make sure youre okaySuddenly there was a dead quiet in the gymnasium. The old man looked up from his bed and eyed the intruder suspiciously.Becker ventured on in almost a whisper. Im here to see if theres anything I can do to help. Like mystify you a couple of Valium.After a long pause, the Canadian spoke. The consulate? His tone softened considerably.Becker nodded.So, youre not here about my column?No, sir.It was as if a giant bubble had burst for Pierre Cloucharde. He colonized slowly back down onto his mound of pillows. He looked heartbroken. I thought you were from the city nerve-wracking to get me to He faded off and the n looked up. If its not about my column, then why are you here?It was a good question, Becker thought, picturing the Smoky Mountains. Just an in titular diplomatic courtesy, he lied.The man looked surprised. A diplomatic courtesy?Yes, sir. As Im sure a man of your stature is well(p) aware, the Canadian governing works hard to protect its countrymen from the indignities suffered in these, er-shall we say-less refined countries.Clouchardes thin lips parted in a knowing smile. But of course how pleasant.You are a Canadian citizen, arent you?Yes, of course. How silly of me. Please for drop dead me. Someone in my position is often approached with well you understand.Yes, Mr. Cloucharde, I certainly do. The price one pays for celebrity.Indeed. Cloucharde let out a tragic sigh. He was an unwilling martyr tolerating the masses. Can you opine this hideous place? He involute his eyes at the bizarre surroundings. Its a mockery. And theyve decided to keep me overnight.Becker looked around. I know. Its terrible. Im sorry it took me so long to get here.Cloucharde looked confused. I wasnt even aware you were coming.Becker changed the subject. Looks like a nasty bump on your head. Does it harm?No, not really. I took a spill this morning-the price one pays for being a good Samaritan. The wrist is the thing thats hurting me. Stupid Guardia. I mean, really Putting a man of my age on a motorcycle. Its reprehensible.Is there anything I can get for you?Cloucharde thought a moment, enjoying the attention. Well, actually He stretched his make do and tilted his head left and right. I could use another pillow if its not too lots trouble.Not at all. Becker grabbed a pillow off a nearby cot and helped Cloucharde get comfortable.The old man sighed contentedly. Much wagerer thank you.Pas du tout, Becker replied.Ah The man smiled warmly. So you do speak the language of the civilize world.Thats about the extent of it, Becker said sheepishly.Not a problem, Cloucharde declared proudly . My column is syndicated in the U.S. my English is first rate.So Ive heard. Becker smiled. He sat down on the edge of Clouchardes cot. Now, if you dont mind my asking, Mr. Cloucharde, why would a man such as yourself infer to a place like this? There are far better hospitals in Seville.Cloucharde looked angry. That police officer he bucked me off his motorcycle and then left me bleeding in the street like a stuck pig. I had to walk over here.He didnt offer to take you to a better facility?On that godawful bike of his? No thanksWhat exactly happened this morning?I told it all to the lieutenant.Ive spoken to the officer and-I hope you reprimanded him Cloucharde interrupted.Becker nodded. In the severest terms. My office will be following up.I should hope so.Monsieur Cloucharde. Becker smiled, pulling a pen out of his jacket pocket. Id like to make a formal complaint to the city. Would you help? A man of your reputation would be a valuable witness.Cloucharde looked buoyed by the sce nery of being quoted. He sat up. Why, yes of course. It would be my pleasure.Becker took out a small note pad and looked up. Okay, lets runner with this morning. Tell me about the accident.The old man sighed. It was sad really. The hapless Asian fellow just collapsed. I tried to help him-but it was no use.You gave him CPR?Cloucharde looked ashamed. Im afraid I dont know how. I called an ambulance.Becker remembered the bluish bruises on Tankados chest. Did the paramedics administer CPR? Heavens, no Cloucharde laughed. No reason to whip a dead horse-the fellow was long gone by the time the ambulance got there. They checked his pulse and carted him off, leaving me with that horrific policeman.Thats strange, Becker thought, wondering where the bruise had come from. He pushed it from his mind and got to the matter at hand. What about the ring? he said as nervelessly as possible.Cloucharde looked surprised. The lieutenant told you about the ring?Yes, he did.Cloucharde seemed amazed. Re ally? I didnt think he believed my story. He was so rude-as if he thought I were lying. But my story was accurate, of course. I pride myself on accuracy.Where is the ring? Becker pressed.Cloucharde didnt seem to hear. He was glassy-eyed, staring into space. Strange piece really, all those letters-looked like no language Id ever seen. smackanese, mayhap? Becker offered.Definitely not.So you got a good look at it?Heavens, yes When I knelt down to help, the man kept pushing his fingers in my face. He wanted to give me the ring. It was most bizarre, horrible really-his hands were quite an dreadful.And thats when you took the ring?Cloucharde went wide-eyed. Thats what the officer told you That I took the ring?Becker shifted uneasily.Cloucharde exploded. I knew he wasnt listening Thats how rumors get started I told him the Jap fellow gave forth the ring-but not to me Theres no way I would take anything from a dying man My heavens The thought of itBecker sensed trouble. So you dont have the ring?Heavens, noA dull ache crept through the pit of his stomach. Then who has it?Cloucharde glared at Becker indignantly. The German The German has itBecker felt like the floor had been pulled out from under him. German? What German?The German in the park I told the officer about him I refused the ring but the fascist swine accepted itBecker set down his pen and paper. The charade was over. This was trouble. So a German has the ring?Indeed.Where did he go?No idea. I ran to call the police. When I got back, he was gone.Do you know who he was?Some tourist.Are you sure?My life is tourists, Cloucharde snapped. I know one when I see one. He and his lady friend were out strolling the park.Becker was more and more confused every moment. madam friend? There was somebody with the German?Cloucharde nodded. An escort. Gorgeous redhead. Mon Dieu Beautiful.An escort? Becker was stunned. As in a damage?Cloucharde grimaced. Yes, if you must use the vulgar term.But the officer said nothing a bout-Of course not I never mentioned the escort. Cloucharde dismissed Becker with a patronizing wave of his good hand. They arent criminals-its absurd that theyre harassed like customary thieves.Becker was still in a mild state of shock. Was there anyone else there?No, just the three of us. It was hot.And youre haughty the woman was a prostitute?Absolutely. No woman that beautiful would be with a manlike that unless she were well paid Mon Dieu He was fat, fat, fat A loudmouthed, overweight, obnoxious German Cloucharde winced momentarily as he shifted his weight, but he ignored the pain and plowed on. This man was a beast-three hundred pounds at least. He locked onto that scurvy dear like she was about to run outside-not that Id blame her. I mean really Hands all over her. Bragged that he had her all weekend for three hundred dollars Hes the one who should have dropped dead, not that poor Asian fellow. Cloucharde came up for air, and Becker jumped in.Did you get his name?Clouchard e thought for a moment and then shook his head. No idea. He winced in pain again and settled slowly back into his pillows.Becker sighed. The ring had just evaporated onwards his eyes. Commander Strathmore was not going to be happy.Cloucharde dabbed at his forehead. His burst of enthusiasm had taken its toll. He curtly looked ill.Becker tried another approach. Mr. Cloucharde, Id like to get a statement from the German and his escort as well. Do you have any idea where theyre staying?Cloucharde closed his eyes, his strength fading. His breathing grew shallow.Anything at all? Becker pressed. The escorts name?There was a long silence.Cloucharde rubbed his right temple. He was suddenly looking pale. Well ah no. I dont believe His voice was shaky.Becker leaned toward him. Are you all right?Cloucharde nodded lightly. Yes, fine just a little the excitement maybe He trailed off.Think, Mr. Cloucharde. Becker urged quietly. Its important.Cloucharde winced. I dont know the woman the man kept calling her He closed his eyes and groaned.What was her name?I really dont recall Cloucharde was fading profuse.Think. Becker prodded. Its important that the consular file be as complete as possible. Ill need to support your story with statements from the other witnesses. Any information you can give me to help locate themBut Cloucharde was not listening. He was dabbing his forehead with the sheet. Im sorry perhaps tomorrow He looked nauseated.Mr. Cloucharde, its important you remember this now. Becker suddenly realized he was speaking too loudly. People on nearby cots were still sitting up watching what was going on. On the far side of the room a nurse appeared through the double doors and strode briskly toward them.Anything at all, Becker pressed urgently.The German called the woman-Becker lightly shook Cloucharde, trying to bring him back.Clouchardes eyes flickered momentarily. Her nameStay with me, old fellaDew Clouchardes eyes closed again. The nurse was apogee in. She looked furious.Dew? Becker shook Clouchardes arm.The old man groaned. He called her Cloucharde was mumbling now, barely audible.The nurse was less than ten feet away yelling at Becker in angry Spanish. Becker heard nothing. His eyes were fixed on the old mans lips. He shook Cloucharde one last time as the nurse bore down on him.The nurse grabbed David Beckers shoulder. She pulled him to his feet just as Clouchardes lips parted. The single word leaving the old mans mouth was not actually spoken. It was restfully sighed-like a distant sensual remembrance. DewdropThe scolding grasp yanked Becker away.Dewdrop? Becker wondered. What the hell kind of name is Dewdrop? He spun away from the nurse and turned one last time to Cloucharde. Dewdrop? Are you sure?But Pierre Cloucharde was fast asleep.

Confucianism in Korea Essay

Korea is located on the eastern tip of the Asian continent, in the small peninsula that faces the Pacific Ocean. This small country has lasted over quad thousand years, withstanding its powerful neighbors and developed a unique culture of its own. One of its main unique features comes from the event that it pursued Confucianism as its core ideology. Therefore, even though Confucianism started in China, the application of it can be traced alike distinctly in Korea.The Dynasty of Joseon brought the principals of Confucianism, and indigenized it to fit its existing values. However, today Confucianism is not taught anymore, and the values of Confucianism are considered old and come out of style. It has become of an old ideology that does not fit in with the values that the modern Koreans have today. Moreover, the cultivation of Confucianism was the major constraint that limited Korea to grow and prosper in the Early Modern and Modern period.and g endinger equality. The ancient Chi nese Warring States Era was one of the most chaotic periods in the history of China. It was the conviction when pile of all classes were desperate for stability and peace. Because of this instability, they established something called the Hundred Schools, which were philosophers who came up with many ideas to unite the people from the time of confusion to a desirable human bearingstyle and peaceful, stable landed estate.These Sages, who were given Zi at the end of their names, went around the queendoms, explaining to the ruler what they thought the best solution was for uniting China. The most prominent ideas were usually any of the three sects, Daoist, Confucianist or Legalist. Daoism was based on the ideas of Laozi and Zhuangzi, Confucianism on those of Confucius (Kongzi) and Mencius (Mengzi), and Legalism on those of Han Feizi. Confucianism was not adopted in Confucius life time. It developed later, during the Song Dynasty and was further advanced to Neo-Confucianism by Zhu X i.Unlike the Chinese dynasties that fully committed their state ideology to Confucianism, the Koreans in the corresponding period, from 60BCE to 900CE, used Confucianism as part of their source of moral training and their affectionate mandate for their officials. This period was called the Three Kingdom Period (GoGooRyeo, Shilla, and BaekJae). The educational form of Confucianism for princes and ruling class proceed through the Goryeo Dynasty (900 CE-1300CE) for about four hundred years and finally became the national religion of Joseon Dynasty (1392CE-1910CE).The reason why Joseon chose Confucianism instead of Buddhism was that the elites that founded Joseon thought that Buddhism was the reason for the corruption and lack of morals between the nobles and the ruling class. The Joseon leaders want Confucianism as a solution to their problems, and were attracted to Confucianism-oriented concepts that could complement the politics of the ideal state. The situation much resembled the period in 5th century BCE when Confucius and Mencius came up with their idea of ideal and peaceful world under the tyrant king and constant wars.

Indigenous Australian Health And Culture Health And Social Care Essay

The Little Children ar Sacred hear was released in 2007 quest a yr dour enquiry into studies of sexual maltreatment in primitive communities in the Federal Territory. The study made 97 recommendations to break up the wellness and well-being of autochthonal people. The federal and province politicss responded indoors 2 hebdomads with what became k straightwayn as the Northern Territory Emergency Response ( NTER ) . In a pelt along move that lacked lucidity of aims, research and mensurable marks or foresight to sustainability ( Edmund Rice Centre for justness and Community Education -ERC 20081 ) .Autochthonal Culture is diverse and hard to specify as each(prenominal) conjunction is characterised by its ain civilizations, history, political relations and demographics ( Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation ) . The Australian G overnments ain review into the NTER, the NTER reappraisal ( 2008 ) measured it s fulfils affected 45,500 Aboriginal people in over 500 communi ties, so it is inevitable a one size fits all attack ( ERC 2008 ) non be a sensible stem to the issues crosswise the Northern Territory. There is uncontentious fight from the Autochthonal communities for a decrease in intoxicant cogitate furiousness, quality lodging, improved wellness and well-being, instruction and employment ( NTER reappraisal, 2008 ) , neverthe slight there is a sense of unjustness that Aboriginal people feel, being that their civilization is responsible instead than the actions of consecutive authoritiess failure to adequately sum sufficient substructure and resources.The Federal and State governing bodys acted on the substantiated cause from the Small Children are Sacred study and there is no denial that action was required. The combined study from the Department of Health and Ageing and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare revealed a figure of wellness concerns 40 % of kids had untreated dental cavities, 38 % had perennial thorax infections , and 31 % skin conditions. Alarmingly, sing the high figure of infant deceases in Autochthonal people, 71 % of babies were plunge to be at hazard of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome due to merchantman sharing, exposure to tobacco fume and inappropriate bedclothes.Sadly though, due to the deficiency of grounds based wellness best(p)ment schemes introduced during the intercession, long term heals ends are yet to be achieved ( Bacon, Nash, Fowler and Sorenson 2010 ) . The Government offers advancement studies on how they are shuting the spread but a comparing to the Small Children are Sacred study shows that small has real been achieved. Whilst they have appointed Dr Howard Bath as Children s Commissioner ( recommendation 9 ) , the enterprises for kid protection are still either impermanent steps or waiting for funding allotment or legislative alterations. ( Northern Territory Government 20087 ) . Likewise, the pressing demand for better lodging and faultfinding clutch building ( Wild & A Anderson 2007 ) to alleviate overcrowding has amounted to 3 houses for autochthonal house postulates and 19 places for Government employees ( recommendation 84 ) . Clearly this does non run into the demand identify and the $ 647 billion allocated to remote lodging must be apply as a affair of urgency ( Northern Territory Government 2008 p.17 ) .Australia is reportable to the internationalistic stipulation on economic, social and cultural rights which states the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest come-at-able criterion of physical and mental wellness ( Couzos and Theile, 2007 ) . Further more, the authorities is to supply sufficient resources to guarantee wellness supporters are available, accessible, low-cost, acceptable and of just quality ( p.522 ) . It is unacceptable so that the authorities can non work out a wellness crisis impacting less than 3 % of its tribe ( Webb, 2010 ) .A Western Australian Inquiry from 2002 proved success from such(pren ominal) intercessions comes from culturally relevant plans, staffed and managed by their ain communities ( Gordon, Hallahan & A Henry 2002388 ) and deficient co-involvement reinforces the belief of authorities assert over their lives and intensifying exposure and impotence.Legislation passed at the clip allowed for the remotion of the license system to, and compulsorily achievement of, autochthonal land, enforced English speech production in category suites, removed the Community culture Employment System ( CDES ) , quarantined 50 % of commonplace attention payments and implemented compulsory wellness cheques for kids ( imaginative Spirits 2010 ) . This was achieved without audience with the autochthonal communities and enforced with a ferociousness reminiscent to colonial times, distributing fright and favoritism. In the words of Aboriginal Elder Yingiya Guyula from Darwin, NT, We urgently need the white governments, federal every bit favorable as Northern Territory, to come and speak to us at the fraternity degree . Possibly if this had been the interpreter the people involved may hold been more unfastened to communicating and action.The execution of public assistance quarantining causes shame and humiliation to all who are affected and is non a necessary step for most people. In fact, it causes more jobs as people now need to go long distances at a vast fiscal and clip load, to shop at major mercantile establishments alternatively of back uping local shops ( Eatock 200812 ) . The embarrassment of utilizing a centrelink rudimentss card reveals the shoppers income position and is evocative of the ration system from the clip of colony, taking societal security policy backwards ( Australian Council of Social Service ) . The issue of favoritism and the wide initiation that the hapless behavior of some are displayed by all is affecting. It is known that intoxicant is a conducive factor to criminal behaviors such as force, assault and disregard, nevertheless since autochthonal people are 12 % less likely to be regular consumers of intoxicant than not autochthonal people ( Gray & A Saggers 2002115 ) , the job can be more right attributed to the deficiency of resources and funding spent in the country of instruction, bar and rehabilitation. Couzos and Theile suggest that overall wellness goage costs for autochthonal people are well less that all other Australian citizens, and in fact have a medicare expending of merely over a 3rd of that for not autochthonal people ( 2007522 ) .The Government could hold achieved so much more through common coaction. In their ain response in hind sight, it was identified that long term solutions could merely be achieved through consistent battle and partnership between union and authorities ( NTER reexamine 2008 ) . This sentiment was mirrored by Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islands Social Justice Commissioner paddy field Gooda who believes community battle is cardinal to guaranting s ervices are delivered and developed suitably and funding be targeted to superior demands ( Human Rights Commission 2010 ) .Sing autochthonal people have a rate of morbidity of disease, and societal, educational and economic disadvantage at 3 times the rate of their non autochthonal opposite numbers ( Couzos & A Theile 2007523 ) and because of the unjust distribution of first wellness attention services and marginalization in rural and strange Australia, the biomedical attack to wellness is non culturally competent in these countries ( Langton cited in Gray & A Saggers 2002 ) nor does it cover the holistic model now favoured in order to embrace the dimensions of wellness that are experienced in Autochthonal people, that cover the single, households and whole communities ( Besserab 200085 ) .The response to the NTER has been widely and aloud voiced by community members, non for net income administrations, Aboriginal rights groups, wellness organic structures and authorities bur eaus. The general reaction has been one of choler for the glary executions of the Apostless of favoritism and neglect for human rights.The senate standing commission on community personal businesss said the Government was evidently cognizant that the NTER was outside the jurisprudence or it would non hold suspended the Racial Discrimination Act and that as such the unity of citizenship was lost rendering autochthonal people no longer twin before the jurisprudence ( 2010 ) . Further more, Peter Robson claims the code law that enabled the intercession was a signifier of corporal penalty ( Green Left Weekly 200813 ) for autochthonal people. It is apprehensible that feelings of eviction, choler and isolation would be heightened along with a sense of history repetition.The mandatory acquisition of land is a peculiarly mass medium country due to the battle to win back native rubric. Of importance though is the Rudd authorities s agreement to interchange support for wellness, lod ging and instruction in exchange for land ( ERC 20085 ) . This is evidently non the instance for other Australians and represents unjust trade public figures.Aboriginal Rights Coalitions called for an immediate terminal to the prejudiced statute law ( Robson 200813 ) . Amnesty International have reported on the lodgment by Aboriginal communities to the United Nations for pressing action for breach of rights to audience, consent and engagement ( 2009 ) believing Australia is non run intoing its duties under the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination.It is easy to look back and justice the action of the NTER, and if the administrative officials had merely readn the clip to be after before implementing their actions, better determinations may hold been made. Assessing old intercessions elsewhere is Australia for illustration may hold given them better thoughts on how to outdo do it work. An illustration of a good undertaking is the Looma Healthy Lifestyle undertaking intercession in Queensland ( Clapham, K, ODea, K, & A Chenhall, R 2007 275-278 ) . Faced with epidemics of diabetes and bosom disease, clip was spent developing local people from the community to take messages into the schools to advance healthier life style and better nutrition to the younger coevalss, promoting athleticss and diversion, implementing breakfast plans and doing all public countries smoke free. The local store was taken over by autochthonal people, giving more control back to the people and the consequence was healthier nourishings such as fresh fruit and vegetable and better oils for sale. The intercession proved a success through records of lower cholesterin degrees, lower blood force per unit area and less incidence of bosom disease, although diabetes degrees remained unchanged in the short term. Although on a different graduated table to the NTER, this shows how coaction and instruction can accomplish more than hurried hostile aut horities controlled enterprises.There are other illustrations of community enterprises that have brought about alteration and hope across Australia every bit good as reappraisals of old intercessions that have been successful and non successful, and the NTER may hold had a different response if the grounds had been considered and managed before hotfooting in from a top heavy attack. The 1986 Ottawa consume for Health Promotion ( WHO ) is an illustration of researched, proved grounds that societal attacks to intervention through community development, dexterity edifice and authorization are a more humane and sustainable system for alteration.The inquiry of support is a ambitious issue. The first twelvemonth cost about $ 88 million ( ERC 20083 ) and what this money really achieved is problematic.In that first 12 months the incidence of substance maltreatment and baccy and debris nutrient ingestion increased and school attending remained inactive ( NTER Review 2008 ) .On top of this, no grounds of paedophile rings were found in the Northern Territory, and less than 1 % of kids examined were referred to child protective services.40 % of the kids carried treatable diseases, all of which are normally associated with poorness ( Robson 200813 ) .One would believe that the graduated table of morbidities found during compulsory wellness cheques for auditory, dental and parasitic diseases for illustration would justify the pressing and unrestricted arrangement of primary wellness services such as child wellness nurses in all communities. Further more, if such services had been in topographic point antecedently the degree of disregard would non hold reached such critical degrees. Surely the fiscal cost of supplying wellness and societal services on a long term footing would hold outweighed the billion dollar disbursals that achieved little over an intense period.The Federal Governments Stronger Families memory in Western Australia was a committedness of $ 20 million o ver a 4 twelvemonth period and created a Centre for kids to travel for nutrient, instruction, diversion and wellness demands, and it was supported by the autochthonal community who were empowered and strengthened by the mending relationships procedure ( Gordon, Hallahan & A Henry 2002402-403 ) . The Edmund Rice Centre s Grass roots plan trialled in Goodooga in NSW really required no support. The purpose was to pay back the community together, increase instruction results for kids and base on balls on civilization and was based on imparting parents and grandparents into the schoolrooms to go through on their cognition and experience and giving control to the community ( ERC 20086 ) . The $ 800 million committed to community safety, reconstructing communities and undertaking kid maltreatment as promised by the Rudd Government in 2009 is now being watched closely and critically ( FaHCSIA 2009 ) .Another scheme to come out of the Little Children are Sacred study and has gained Auto chthonal support and blessing from many in the legal sphere is offender rehabilitation ( Recommendations 36-40 & A 72 ) . In a move to recognize Aboriginal traditional jurisprudence, make households together and supply and effective option to condemnable justness ( Gordon, Hallahan & A Henry 2002394 ) , it has been recommended the authorities locution into condemning that incorporates Aboriginal impressions of justness and rely less on tutelary sentencing ( Wild & A Anderson 200725 ) . This would return culturally relevant intercessions and advance a regard the community. Family duties have strong bonds and since there is a loss of assurance in white adult males policy, better results may be resolved by seting the burden back to the autochthonal groups and make a mutual regard. Aboriginal Magistrate Pat OShane believes if wrongdoers participate in plans to construct self regard and mend their lives and relationships ( Gordon, Hallahan & A Henry 2002394 ) , happier healthi er communities will eventuate.To the job now of sustainability It can be seen that short term holes that lack the proper support and evidenced based pattern and neglect to turn to the implicit in societal determiners ( Clapham, K, ODea, K, & A Chenhall, R 2007273 ) so length of service is hard to accomplish. Sustainability has been likened to routinisation ( Clapham, K, ODea, K, & A Chenhall, R 2007273 ) , and in that regard no profound outcomes can be judge in the immediate hereafter, nevertheless the alterations can get down to be made now and the rippling will hopefully be positive. Of categorize support, engagement, employment, intersectoral relationships and services may non stretch between election rhythms and it is up to each authorities to perpetrate to seeing these issues through until equality is achieved for all Australians.The NTER reappraisal recognises that you can non movement alteration into a community on the dorsum of a truck ( 200858 ) . The hope of cla ss is that no irreparable harm has occurred since 2007 that may hold set rapprochement back for a further 200 old ages. This fright was spoken by an Aboriginal senior from the Djirrikaymirr people, Dr Djuniyini Gondarra, who said the intercession has failed to better wellness and had in fact, intensified depression and loss of hope among Aboriginal people. It is tragic to believe we may be responsible for farther eviction and wellness diminution on an already delicate population when our occupation was to assist and foster them to get the better of the events of the yesteryear.

Credit rating agencies should be regulated more strictly to prevent Essay

Credit rating agencies should be regulate much strictly to prevent conflict of interest, but also should al pitiable more new credit rating agencies to start more objective opinions - Essay ExampleThey have helped pecuniary market fairly substantially giving out expert opinions to public investors. However, duDuring the pecuniary crisis, three big credit rating agencies, S&P, Moodys, and Fitch were condemned for precipitating the crisis giving high credit rate to CDOs, which were defaulted. Since then, ratings of the agencies became controversial and financial regulators have sought to ways to impose more regulations on those ratings.Few agencies dominating the rating industry, they are prop too much power in rating market. This settlement allowed only few place in financial market. If situation keep remain in the rating industry, more financial crisis will choke in near future. Thus, to avoid another critical situation, it is necessary to regulate credit rating agencies mor e strictly, but also necessary to broaden the market allowing more participants. In the beginning of the industry, credit agencies rates had positive impact on financial markets. At that time, many people who didnt have financial knowledge had difficulties in choosing where to invest their money. The companies who solved the problems were credit rating agencies. They were consisted of financial experts and analyzed companies and gave easily apprehensible ABC rates. According to them, high credit rating which was closer to As rates indicates that the borrower has a low probability of defaulting on debt, and conversely low credit rating indicates that the borrower has a high probability of defaulting. Investors could seize helped in deciding the companies to invest relying on those rates. Essentially, what they have done is facilitating investments by giving easily perceivable reliable sources to judge risk of investments.These rates have had a huge impact on financial markets. Sin ce credit agencies have developed and settled in the financial industry, a lot of investors