A pink wool knitted dress, by Ted Hughes and Sonnet XLIII by Elizabeth Barrett Browning Essay Example

A pink wool knitted dress, by Ted Hughes and Sonnet XLIII by Elizabeth Barrett Browning Paper The first poem I intend to analyse is, A pink wool knitted dress. This poem is not written along conventional lines, since it does not employ the use of sonnet or stanzas of four lines. Indeed there are three lines in the first stanza while the fourth stanza could be a sonnet in itself as it consists of fourteen lines. All the other stanzas are of differing lengths as are the lengths of the lines. In terms of rhyme in many of the poems I have previously read the last word in each line often rhymes with the last word in the next line or the second next line. This sort of rhyming occurs in Barrett Browning Sonnet XLIII where the second and third lines rhyme as do the first and fourth. This pattern continues throughout the poem. Hughes writes in run on sentences, some of which carry on into the next line, in fact the style and structure of the poem reminds me more of a piece of prose than a poem. One might consider it to be reminiscent of Shakespeares blank verse it could of course also be modern style free verse. This poem itself focuses on Hughes wedding day. In the initial verses, he talks about himself, about the absence of his family, his best man who was the sexton and then about his bride. The wedding doesnt seem particularly well organized, a common characteristic of many weddings which took place in the months following the Second World War. It is so ill organized that he has to requisition the sexton as his best man. The solitary guest was the brides mother, Your mother, brave even in this, U. S foreign affairs gamble, acted all bridesmaids and all guests, even magnanimity- represented, my family. We will write a custom essay sample on A pink wool knitted dress, by Ted Hughes and Sonnet XLIII by Elizabeth Barrett Browning specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A pink wool knitted dress, by Ted Hughes and Sonnet XLIII by Elizabeth Barrett Browning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A pink wool knitted dress, by Ted Hughes and Sonnet XLIII by Elizabeth Barrett Browning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It seems they didnt have the time or money to buy their wedding clothes in Harrods! The only new item Hughes had was an umbrella. His outfit consisted of My tie- sole- drab, veteran RAF black- Was the used-up symbol of a tie? My cord jacket- thrice dyed black, exhausted, Just hanging on to it. And the bride was wearing a pink wool knitted dress. The story is told in a very low-key manner and this brings me on to a discussion of the language used. One would have expected the poet to use an elaborate, descriptive style more fitting to the occasion. He chooses not to. The words Hughes uses are purposely starkly drab. Such as smudged, sole- drab, utility, odd, spare, squeezed, and Packing children into a bus. He also uses words, which remind us of the recent war, Post war, utility, conscript, veteran, requisitioned. Because of the recent war effort clothes, di cor and furnishings were extremely grey and uniform. There are few colourful aspects of war. Despite this, humour is evident for example Hughes wanted to be married in Westminster Abbey, where the Royals are married but has to settle for the humbler St George of the Chimney Sweeps, and a borrowed best man. How can this be a love poem? The whole flavour and texture of the poem is so mundane, workaday and prosaic, just like any other day. Does this reflect Hughes innermost thoughts about his wedding? That is certainly the impression he gives me. So how is it a love poem? The answer lies in the last two stanzas where Hughes addresses his bride in language that is quite different to that used in the previous stanzas. In the second last stanza the language contains heavenly imagery, Transfigured, brimming with God, the heavens open, Riches ready to drop upon us, levitated. What a contrast to what has gone before! Not drab but uplifting and celestial. But is Hughes describing a person whom he loves or some image he sees in her? Is it what she can do for him, not what he can do for her? The last stanza seems to reflect the poets notion that his bride is crazy about him and simply cannot take her eyes off him. Nowhere in the poem does Hughes describe a similar intoxication for her. This poem is the embodiment of what Ted Hughes sees and portrays himself as a poet. Imagine what you are writing about. See it and live it Look at it, touch it, smell it Listen to it, turn yourself into it. A contrasting piece is Sonnet XLIII by Elizabeth Barrett Browning. This poem is taken from, Sonnets from the Portuguese, and is of course, number forty-three. As it is a sonnet it has the usual fourteen lines and there is a regular rhythm for which the octet is ABBA while the sestet, ABAB employs a variation. Apart from that the other features are pretty uniform and standard. All of Barrett Brownings sonnets are written in similar form. The poem has a definite rhythm e. g. n the first line certain words are stressed such as those underlined below; How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. This pattern continues throughout the poem e. g. line five. I love thee to the level of everydays. The rhythm stresses the important words such as, love, depth, breadth, height. This rhythm gives the effect of being from the heart; deep, emotional and heartfelt. The poem is totally concentrated on one theme only, love. This is quite a contrast to Ted Hughes poem, which contains black humour, a narrative, and a much lighter attitude to the relationship. I feel this poem has a religious intensity which is reflected in the uses of key words and phrases such as, depth and breadth and height, My soul can reach and also in the lines, I love thee with a love I seemed to loose, With my lost Saints A notable aspect of the poem is the fact that the title is numbered, as are the Psalms in the Book of Psalms. Furthermore, the language of this sonnet is reminiscent of the Language used in the Psalms. This idea supports my opinion that The poem expresses a certain religious intensity. The poet uses repetition for effect and emphasis, she uses the words, I love thee seven times and in the middle of the poem, she starts each of these lines with, I love thee The last three lines have a particularly spiritual effect, looking forward to love eternal after death. Browning herself suffered ill health and that she was conscious that death was never far away so this possible morbidity could arise from that feeling. It is ndoubtedly very intense. Both poems differ in many obvious ways. Ted Hughes poem is much longer, he has quite a different style and approach, his piece tells a story with a certain amount of wry humour and diversity. Only in the last part of it does Hughes concentrate on the theme Of love whereas Barrett Browning is totally concentrated on the love theme. Of course both are structurally quite different and different also in both tone and language. Hughes uses inclined, common and everyday language while Barrett Brownings is austere and devotional like the language used in a prayer. Perhaps, in the final analysis, Ted Hughes approach to ove is not quite as serious and faithful as Elizabeth Barrett Brownings. She expresses her love in depth, breadth and Height while Hughes expression of love somewhat appears to be more shallow and perhaps less sincere. Does Hughes love his bride merely because she loves him? While Barrett Browning appears to love her partner for his own sake. I prefer Ted Hughes poem, basically because I feel it is more true to life, the storyline is also interesting. This is a stark contrast to the quasi-religious intensity of Elizabeth Barrett Brownings sonnet, which I find too overpowering and totally redolent of the early Victorian ethos.

Race and gender

Race and gender The major foundation and the cornerstone that binds a given people together, aside from the tribal affiliations is the race to which each of us belongs. Stereotypes aside, the perceptions that we hold or believe in to a large extent determine our attitudes towards a certain group of people who fall within the brackets of these labels.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Race and gender specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the movie Race, the Power of Illusion†, a rather uncommon path of argument is explored on one issue that has been rather fundamental to the whole human race yet it is ignored much of the time it come to light. The movie explores race and the assumption human beings behold in relation to this aspect of our social life, and explores the possibilities that lie beyond these daily perceptions(Money, 1994). Questions abound though, is there any slightest possibility of the existence of the idea that huma n beings can be categorized and handled differently depending on their racial affiliation? Are whites generally at an advantage as a result of our institutions taking heed to the perceptions that white people are superior? A difference in opinion over what race is superior above the rest has resulted to mayhem in any two wrangling societies with different races. This is evident in testimonies that bear stories of tribal cleansing, war and even in sensitive areas such as the rules that affect immigration among different countries. The debates about race have dominated almost all spheres of our social lives yet all of us, whether racist or not do not question the truth behind this. Scientific evidence discards the whole behind â€Å"race† as a myth, one that is not at par with the times or rather Neanderthal. A long history of research and analysis of the differences among the different races has yielded only one result; that racial differences go only skin deep (Buss, 2001). T he intrinsic delicate features that comprise the human DNA do not show any difference between people of give races. Gender identity, on the other hand is another aspect of social interventions that influence our interactions. It s not a state of inexorableness, rather it is just an attitude that people link to certain qualities that comprise character.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The differences, though they come out through the biological standards that define the different sexes, are far apart and their classification goes deeper than the biological constants that are male and female (Gould, 1996). A break down of this scenario would to put into perspective this thought; that people inherit their sex, and not their gender. For instance, biologically, one’s sex is determined by the result of the interplay of the chromosomes physically expressed through the reaction of hormones and other organs such as the reproductive organs. Contrary to this, somebody’s gender is to a large extent determined by the society and the norms that define the lifestyles of a given people (Gould, 1996).). The societal perception about masculinity and feminists is to a large extent dictated by their social behavior and what the different cultures practice as norms. One school of thought advocating for this idea purports that had people’s characters and behaviors’ be dictated by the differences that arise out of their biology, then the differences universally would widen. Higher hormone levels would lead to increased activities, and that in many places their reactions would be alike irrespective of the geographic locations. If ones’ sex would automatically determine their gender then it would subsequently follow that all men and women would have uniform characters. References Buss, M. D. (2001). Human nature and culture: An evolutio nary psychological perspective. Journal of Personality, 69, 955–978. Gould, S. J. (1996). The Mismeasure of Man. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Money, J. (1994). The concept of gender identity and Racial classification. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 20, 163 – 77. Web.

Learning from our success and our failure Essay

Learning from our success and our failure - Essay Example He thinks that he won because nobody else deserved it, which is often not the case because the most hard working do not necessarily make it to the top. This attitude defines such an individual as a selfish, proud, and morally degraded person. On the contrary, let’s suppose an individual who becomes more thankful to God upon becoming successful in achieving his goal. His success makes him more down-to-earth and modest. Instead of thinking of himself as a superior being, he guides others so that they can also achieve their goals. Success of such an individual defines him as a thankful, caring, and modest person. Now let’s consider the cases of failures. Let’s suppose an individual who fails to achieve his goal. He becomes so dishearted that he gives up and never tries again. Such attitude would define this individual as an impatient person who is also not very hard working. On the contrary, let’s consider an individual who fails to achieve his goal but does not give up until he finally achieves it. This person would be defined as a determined, focused, and hard working person. People’s tendency to learn from their successes and failures varies from one person to another. Some people learn from their successes and failures whereas others never learn any lesson. However, the tendency of an individual to learn from his/her failures is more compared to his/her tendency to learn from his/her successes. This is because of the fact that when an individual fails, he/she tries to identify the factors that caused him/her to fail if he/she is wise. Identification of these factors makes this individual learn a lesson. On the other hand, successes are just celebrated and many people become so overwhelmed with the joy of success that they do not care to learn a lesson from it. However, there are always some wise people who reflect upon their experiences to identify the strategies and

Marking Plan for Virgin Group Ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marking Plan for Virgin Group Ltd - Essay Example The tool such as Porter Five Forces Model will be useful in assessing the organizational environment along with the discussion of the marketing objectives, core strategies, and the implementations of Marketing Mix decisions of the company. The paper will focus upon one sector of the Virgin Groups and for this purpose; Virgin Atlantic is the segment which is taken into consideration for the environmental audit. Virgin Group Limited The company, Virgin Group Limited, is a venture capital and a conglomerate under the British brand venture capital. A famous business tycoon, Richard Branson, is the founder of this organization (Bloomberg Business Week, n.d.). The company mainly engages in the fields of tourism, broadband, leisure, music, mobile, finance, travel, health, TV, and radio. The business operations of the organization are carried out primarily in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and North America. The organization also involves in the provision of other consumer services such as rail services, cruise packages, airlines, vacation and the transportation services of passenger motorbike. Moreover, the organization functions in providing the online casino and slots, gym facilities, balloon flights, and racing teams; publishes non-fiction books; technical and home IT support, employee health program, provides cord blood stem cell banking, lifestyle and health management, and NHS services; and offers corporate gift vouchers, and online gaming and video games, as well as wines online. The headquarters of the Virgin Group is at The School House, 50 Brook Green in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham (Virgin, 2012). Virgin Atlantic or Virgin Atlantic Airways is one of the largest British long haul international airlines, and operates the services of long haul to more than 30 destinations across the world. It is a private airline which is owned for 49% owned by Singapore Airlines and the Virgin Group owns it for the rest of 51%. At present, the company manage s and operates a fleet of Airbus A340 aircraft and Boeing 747. There are 13 747-400s, 38 aircrafts, and six 19 A340-600s and A340-300s which are operated by Virgin Atlantic. The bases of the airline are at Heathrow airports, London's Gatwick and the Manchester airport. Three categories of travelling are offered to customers by the Virgin Atlantic and they include premium economy, upper class, and economy all which comprise of the in-flight entertainment as well. Business Vision and Mission Every business chalks out a mission that signifies its existence, and the purpose of its functioning. Similarly, the Virgin Groups Limited performs with a vision to make its contribution to the creation of fulfilling and happy lives which are sustainable at the same time. The basic objectives of Virgin Atlantic observe that the company will provide services of superior quality to its customers. It would enable them to travel to the places where they cannot go easily. Moreover, Virgin Atlantic also keeps its profitability as one of the major motives of its business operations. Environmental Analysis There are two types of environments in which a business organization operates. In order to analyze the business environment of the organization, PEST analysis has been utilized as follows: Political Factors In order to deal with the

Organisational Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Organisational Behaviour Essay Cognitive Intelligence (CI) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) are considered to be important individual differences in the field of organisational behaviour and there is a lot of research to support this statement. This essay will critically evaluate both concepts and discuss how cognitive ability and EI are applied in modern organisations. It is clear that CI and EI both have very different roles in the modern organisation and they assist in the prediction of success in both personal and professional sectors of ones life. It is important to understand the main difference being that CI implements the individuals mental function for understanding and developing a systematic prospective in thinking whilst EI is considered as the ability for one to make decisions through their emotional and social skills and their understanding and belief system. In modern day organisations there has been a clear shift towards operating in an emotionally intelligent way as this is proving to hold a key to a successful organisation. Cognitive Intelligence (CI) can be defined as The ability to learn new things, recall information, think rationally, apply knowledge and solve problems. (Kaplan Sadock, 1991). CI or commonly referred to cognitive ability was originally researched by Aristotle approximately 23 centuries ago, along with other workings of the mind and the effects on human experience. Many centuries later as psychological studies were advancing in Europe and America, many researchers contributed to the overall study of cognition. Cognition is often measured by the General Mental Ability (GMA), which looks at attention, memory, producing and understanding of language, decision making, learning, reasoning and problem solving. CI is one’s ability to process information, mental functions and processes thoughts and state of intelligence. It also consists of a large number of factors that relate to the way individuals perceive, interpret and respond to information. Emotional Intelligence (EI) â€Å"Ability to perceive, control and evaluate emotions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ emotional intelligence can be learned and strengthened, while others claim it is an inborn characteristic.† (K Cherry, 2010). The original studies of EI were conducted by Edward Thorndike. Thorndike describes the concept of social intelligence â€Å"as the ability to get along†. Research continued to advance and in 1990 there was an article published by Peter Salovey and John Mayer â€Å"Emotional Intelligence† in the journal Imagination, Cognition and Personality. In this article they defined emotional intelligence as the the subset of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor ones own and others feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide ones thinking and actions (1997). Salovey and Mayer identified four different factors of emotional intelligence; the perception of emotion, the ability reason using emotions, the ability to understand emotion and the ability to manage emotions. According to Salovey and Mayer, the four branches of their model are, arranged from more basic psychological processes to higher, more psychologically integrated processes. For example, the lowest level branch concerns the (relatively) simple abilities of perceiving and expressing emotion. In contrast, the highest level branch concerns the conscious, reflective regulation of emotion (1997). Cognitive ability testing has been used in organisations for over 80 years in employee screening. CI is assessed by psychometric testing and can predict some life outcomes, such as educational level, adult income and health related behaviours and it has a strong link to predicting job performance. There is general agreement that GMA cognitive ability testing should vary for different jobs in different environments. The strengths of CI in a modern organisation are still similar to what they were 80 years ago. (Viswesvaran, C. Ones, D.S. 2002). In recent years there has been a strong renewed interest towards GMA studies in the workplace. GMA has been linked to a study which concludes risky or criminal behaviours or the ability to use public transport, are more likely to be linked to people with lower GMA scores. There is also evidence presented indicating that GMA predicts performance within jobs and occupations (Schmidt Hunter, 2004). GMA testing during the hiring process of new employee can assist with evaluating if the applicant has the skills for the role. GMA is viewed as important for academic performance, during educational years though has little impact on performance in real world performances (Schmidt Hunter, 2004). CI and EI both have their own strengths and weaknes ses within a modern organisation. There are growing bodies of research which demonstrate that EI is a better predictor of success than traditional measures of cognitive ability. The workplace is an ideal environment for people to develop their social and emotional skills, as individuals are motivated to develop those capabilities in pursuit of success and promotion. The concept is equally important to employers, as their bottom-line productivity results can rest on the emotional intelligence of the whole organisation. When executives and employees work to improve capabilities in areas in which they are weakest, it benefits the entire organisation, improving communication and increasing productivity. Research indicates that individuals with high level of CI are required to have high level of EI and individuals with low level of CI are required to have low level of EI. CI and EI are different constructs, because they show the specialty of common intelligence in different content domains (Deary, Der Ford, 2001). Some of the strengths of EI in organisations indicate a strong correlation between EI and individual job performance. By emphasising EI in the hiring process, teambuilding and training programs, management and human resources professionals can improve decision making, problem solving and the ability to cope with change among their employees. Emotionally intelligent organisations maximise their potential for business success and increase productivity as people in these organisations are seen to share an increased connection. Organisations can evaluate EI and can predict job performance and satisfaction. This can create a blueprint for improving individual performance and increasing the productivity. It is also an important measure used in developing people, succession planning, learning and development and leadership development. Some of the limitations of CI is that it is often only effective when one is working alone. The most significant limitation of the CI is not being capable to grab the other feeling and recognise how emotions of others are impacting the situation. It is viewed that various individuals with great cognitive intelligence often perform poorly in relationships due to having low emotional intelligence (Brackett Mayer, 2003). This can be seen as a massive limitation in the modern work place as there is such a high influence on team working environments and collaboration is a vital part of most work places. Some of the limitations or consequences for neglect of emotional intelligence in an organisation can be devastating to productivity and bottom-line business results. Breakdowns in internal communication can produce confusion, uncertainty, hostility and reduced productivity are just a few of the factors organisations face if they do not actively pursue a strategy of fostering emotional intelligence in the workplace. Successful organisations today strive to reap the benefits of becoming more emotionally intelligent, improving performance of employees and executives, building strong teams and driving productivity. An example of CI being applied in modern organisations is a study undertaken by Lindbery and Berger. Where initially developed in organisations with product-focused, repetitive processes and often high standardisation of products and processes such as factories or financial institutions, Lindberg and Berger (1997) have studied a number of Swedish organisations eg Ikea and discovered the applicability of CI with a relatively low degree of standardisation of products and processes. These companies had successfully integrated CI into work teams and seen a positive result. Cognitive Intelligence can be applied in the modern organisation with the help of on the job training and training in real situations because it increases with the help of knowledge of procedures, facts and rules and applicable to efficient cooperating, endorsing and helping the organisation (Attwood, 2007). Historically, leaders in most organisations have neglected emotions in the workplace. In modern organisations, EI is very much a part of workplace success. How individuals and particularly mangers respond to real situations each and every day and what organisations do to grow productive emotional responses can make the difference between the organisation that fails and the organisation that excels. The effects of emotionally ignorant organisations can lead to a destructive environment and may result in poor business results and low employee engagement and productivity. The role of emotional intelligence in organisations in recent years through research has become the chosen measure verse cognitive intelligence in employee selection. Research indicates that generally job applicants find psychological testing to be somewhat invasive and, at times, offensive, employers are more likely to conduct testing to measure emotional intelligence. EI is better forecaster of the success as compared to the traditional cognitive intelligence measures (Trinidad Johnson, 2002). The EI tests create a profile of an individual’s emotional intelligence, showing both areas of strength and weakness. Individuals can use this information to develop areas in need of improvement. Organisations can use these profiles to show whether a potential hire would make a good addition to the team or expose traits in existing employees in need of enhancement through training or incentive programs. An action plan can be developed once an individual or organisation has this information, supporting growth in desired areas. When employees and executives work to enhance abilities in areas where they are weak, it helps the whole organisation, enhancing communication and improving productivity. Lend Lease is a company which requires many of this employees to have cognitive ability in many forms and an example of this would be an engineer. It is important that their CI is tested and measured on a daily basis because if an employee lacked CI they would be unable to perform their role. This employee also requires a high degree of EI as they will constantly be working in a team environment and liaising with internal and external stakeholders. If the individual lacked in either CI or EI they wouldn’t have the ability to do their job. It can be said that EI has become the crucial part and helps the leaders in meeting the challenges they experience. In other words, cognitive intelligence considered as most difficult human mind property and may be evaluated only by itself. In general, workplace considered as the ideal surrounding for the people to form their emotional and social skills, as people are encouraged to form those abilities in search of promotion and success. Emotional Intelligence concentrates on capabilities and ones reactions to situations. Though they both clearly have their places in modern organisations, there is a very definitive movement towards enhancing the employees EI to ensure that it aligns with the organisations EI strategy. This is now seen as a key performance indicator to a successful organisations. Reference List Brackett Mayer, 2003. Positive Psychology: Emotional Intelligence. Discovering human strengths: Page 129 Cherniss, C. (2010). Emotional intelligence: Toward clarification of a concept. Industrial and Organisational Psychology, 3, 110-126. Deary, Der Ford, 2001. Reactive detachment disorder. Encyclopedia of Special Education Volume 3: Page 1676 Kaplan B. J. Sadock (1991). Synopsis of Psychiatry (6th Ed.). Baltimore : Williams Wilkins. Kendra Cherry, (2010). The Everything Psychology Book (2nd Ed.).Massachusetts : Adams Media. Lindberg and Berger, 1997. Managing Innovation and Change: Page 71 Mayer J.D. Salovey P. (1997). What is Emotional Intelligence. New York : Basic Books Peter Salovey, Marc A. Brackett, John D. Mayer, (2004). Emotional Intelligence: Key Readings on the Mayer Salovey Model. New York : NPRinc. Roberts, R. D., Matthews, G., Zeinder, M. (2010). Emotional intelligence: Muddling through theory and measurement. Industrial and Ogranisational Psychology, 3, 140-144 Schmidt, F.L., Hunter, J. (2004). General mental ability in the world of work: Occupational attainment and job performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86 (1), 162-173. Trinidad Johnson, 2002. Assessing Emotional Intelligence: Theory, Research, and Applications: Emotional Intelligence Physical Health Page 203 Viswesvaran, C. Ones, D.S. (2002). Agreements and disagreements on the role of general mental ability (GMA) in industrial, work and organisational psychology. Human Performance, 15 (1/2): 211-231.

The Business Organisation And Environment Of Devices Information Technology Essay

The Business Organisation And Environment Of Devices Information Technology Essay Internet is one of the best communicating and information device that created by human it is used in a global scale for faster communication research in data and also online business, there are many type of companies around the world provides the telecommunication service. As regarding the information above our group has selected a company which is currently the leading telecommunication company in Malaysia that is called Telekom Malaysia berhad which owns a capitalization over RM11 billion and total work force of around 24,000. Before moving on to the points that we researched which are related to the company we would like to explain the history and achievement of the company with the information we gathered. The history of the Telekom Malaysia Berhad . The company was established in the year 1946, developed rapidly from the year 1995 where internet was first internet age began in Malaysia. According to the Malaysian internet survey which was conducted by Mimos and beta interactive services on 1995 one out of every thousand Malaysian had excess to the internet. As the company develop step by step with the partnership with the national building it helped the Malaysia country and the company itself with the latest technology and transform its network infrastructure from analog to digital and now moving on towards an IP base. Moving on towards the points that we choose and found the information related to the company is business organization and its environment, individual at work and lastly organization structure of Telekom Malaysia Berhad. Business Organisation and Environment As every Malaysian knows, Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM) is currently a leading telecommunication company in Malaysia which provides internet services, voice services and also entertainment services for each of everyone of Malaysia. TM Company obtains the success today due to the outstanding leadership of the CEO. TM Companys aim is to become Malaysias top leading of new generation communications provider and to fulfill customers needs by their cutting-edge technology and excellence performance. The reason that pushes TM Company to the peak is because that the vision and mission of the company is clear and distinct, which gives their worker a general idea of what is the purpose of working there. Despite that, various types of problems from both internal and external environment still arise in the TM Company which affects the performance of the company. Malaysia is famous for its multicultural races, no doubt inside TM Company also a multicultural organization. Personalities and behaviors of workers in the organization are crucial to the company because they are the one who keep the companys profile high. For sure there are tons of types of personality and behavior inside the organization; therefore it is necessary to maintain the order of it. Human resources policies and legislation had been enacted for this purpose. Example such as Employment Act 1955, among the content, it is prohibited for women to work at around ten oclock in the night and five oclock in the morning, and also women are not allowed for underground working. Furthermore, TM Company also provides training for the new employees to be developed into various levels of staff for the company and also its subsidiaries in their own TM Training Centre. In every field of business, competitors are unavoidable. Same goes to TM Company, other company like Maxis, Digi, P1 W1max, Izzi and others are improving from time to time, which gives TM Company the pressure to upgrade them furthermore. At first, these types of companies had only made a slight impact on TM, but as business industries are affected by the globalization later on in 1990s, the competitive forces increases and forces TM to change its organization in order to cope with it. TM had no other ways but to re-organize their organization that majorly focus in improving and enhancing their productivity in order to keep surviving in the telecommunication industry with these much of competitors. Other than that, knowledge management also affects TM Companys performance and organization. The business today has moved into a rapid-changing and knowledge-based environment compare to the time before. Thus, many believes that running the business based on knowledge is crucial to the organization in order to survive. For TM Company, changing the organization style is keeping their performances remain outstanding among their competitors in telecommunication field. Leaders in TM Company use knowledge management method to keep the organization in shapes and in conjunction with that, they can fully utilize the intellectual capital. This enables the intellectual capital to grow from the aspects of skills, attitude and behavior of employees thus increasing the overall performance. Organisation structure TM Company is a big company in Malaysia. Therefore, TM company has its own unique structure and system which in bureaucracy style. Diagram 1.1 : structure of TM company Six key elements such as work specialisation, departmentlisation, chain of command, span of control ,centralisation and decentralisation and formalisation are used in designing the structure. According to the diagram above, work specialisation do exist in TM Company. For example, there are some workers who are specialised in certain tasks. Workers like technicians will repair all the systems and infrastructures of company. When lot of the specialist work together in an environment, it will form a department to perform certain similar tasks, which is a form of departmenlisation. Another element is span of control. From Diagram 1.1, span of control of each layer can be seen easily. For example, the board of directors got narrow span of control because under him there is only one subordinate, which is the chief executive officer. On the other hand, the chief executive officer got a wider span of control compare to the previous one. Under the CEO is another layer which consists of differ ent department managers and a wider span. This sequence is continued until the lowest layer of the structure.So, the chain of command will pass from the higher layer to lower layer for delegation of jobs. When all the information are gathered or jobs are completed, the final decision and approval will make by the board of directors.That call centralisation.Under some specific situation, decentralisation are used. Board of directors will pass the authority of making decision to lower layer to handle the project.Rules made by the company are call formalisation, that need all workers follow it when they are joined the company. From these elements, a tall structure can seen. Diagram 1.2 shows that a tall structure and the span of control of TM Company Beside that, there are some determinants of organisation structure such as technology, environment and strategies issues. Nowadays, technology are improved rapidly and it is a key success factor for TM Company.Technological advancement can lead TM Company competitive with other firms. In Malaysia, 2 types of telecommunication technologies, wired and wireless are applied. In field of wired internet, data communication technology like Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) being ultilizing via connection of copper lines to households.Therefore, TM company is controls the virtual DSL market.In other side, High-Speed Broadband(HSBB) are invented by TM Company using the Fiber-to-the-home ( FTTH) technology to enhance the wireless internet connection. In this modern era, a huge population of office workers are using internet to do research for their tasks. So, broadband penetration in Malaysia is getting bigger due to citizens are shifting towards knowledge-based nation. Another fact is broadband can carry easily to anywhere. Due to limitation of quota in broadband, those worker rather use wired internet connection in their home and workplaces. The demand of internet is become greater and it is a chance for TM Company to lead the market.The branches of TM, TMnet Streamyx is major choices of workes choose for internet connection.Workers can choose either using wired or wireless connection, unlike Digi, Celcom and Maxis broadband are running in wireless connection. Individuals at work In what specific ways that an individual influences an organization There are three important leadership skills that an individual should have to be able to climb up to the management position. For example, goal settings, attitude and procedure management. According to (Maryellen Gibsons blog ) a manager that has a positive attitude will effect an entire team or company in an encouraging manner and a manager which has a negative attitude will affect the organization in a not so optimistic manner. Other than this, procedure management will help an organization to stay orderly and organized. For example, when there is a new project or task to be done, theres no need to make a whole new procedure just for that project. With proper procedure management an organization can save precious time and become more efficient. Lastly, the third leadership skill is to have a goal setting. A manager which has a clear mind set for his or her company is great for benefiting their company or organization because if there is a project the manager and his company will be able to know the result of the project. A really effective manager will need to let his team contribute to the success of the project so they have ownership in the final result. Individuals at TM Net DATO ZAMZAMZAIRANI MOHD ISA is currently the managing director and the group chief executive officer of TM Net. Aged 50, a Malaysian, has been appointed managing director of TM since 25 of April 2008. He holds a Bachelors degree in communication engineering from Plymouth Polytechnic in the United Kingdom. He is very experienced in the telecommunication field. DATUK BAZLAN OSMAN is presently TM Nets executive director and group chief financial officer. Now at age 46, he was appointed the role of executive director of TM since 25 of April 2008. He started of as an auditor with a public accounting firm in 1986 and finally joined the Celcom Axiata Berhad in 2001 as chief financial officer of the company. Now, he also oversees the operations of Global, Wholesale and Support Business. Interview questions Example: If the job is offered to you, how long do you plan to stay in the job position given? (This question is use to test how high the worker is aiming for and from what can be predicted from the workers performance for the company in the future) What is your expected salary range? (This question is to test the workers deservedness to have the expected salary) What do you know about the job position you have enquired for and what duties do you think this job requires you to do. (This question is to test the workers knowledge about the company) What kind of challenges do you think you will encounter in this job position? (This question is to test the workers thoughts on how to overcome a problem if handling with one) What separate this from our competitors? Conclusion Business organization and its environment is how the organization and business of the company affected by both internal and external environment. From time to time, usually the companys organization structure will be changed as the competitors in the same field increase and to avoid problems occur towards the internal environment which will lead the company to a downfall. TM Companys organization structure was reorganized to overcome problems in both internal and external environments and to stabilize the economy of the company. Organization structure can be determined by six key elements which are work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization decentralization, and formalization. Based on all these key elements in organization structure, the leaders in TM Company can manage the organization better and produce a result higher than what are expected. Every individual in the company is crucial to the company, their personality; behavior and every single commitment are keys to success in the future. Each and every individual in the company have their own roles which can be carried out on their own only, thus they should bear the responsibility and to accomplish their duties either as leaders or subordinates. To improve the company status they use the various methods to achieve their specific goal in the business field. (1808 words)

How Is the Holocaust Represented in Films Essay

‘The Holocaust’ was the massacre of nearly six million Jews in parts of Europe controlled by Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party leading up to and during World War II. When the Nazi party first came to power in 1933 they began building on the anti-Semitist feelings in Germany; introducing new legislations that gradually removed the Jews from society such as the Nuremberg Laws which prohibited marriage or extramarital sexual intercourse between Jews and German citizens and required Jews to wear an armband with the Star of David on it so they could be identified as a Jew. Encouraged by the Nazi’s, people began to boycott Jewish ran businesses and in the November of 1938 they were openly attacked, these pogroms became known as ‘Kristallnacht’ which in German translates as: â€Å"the Night of Broken Glass† because of the vandalised shops and broken glass windows. During Kristallnacht over 7,000 Jewish shops and 1,668 synagogues (almost all of the synagogues in Germany) were destroyed and the official death toll is ninety-one although it is assumed to be much higher. In 1939, after the invasion of Poland, small areas of towns were sectioned off from the rest of the population where Jews and Romani were forced to live in confined and overcrowded spaces. These were known as ‘ghettos’. The largest was Warsaw Ghetto, in Poland (where ‘The Pianist’ was set), with over 400,000 people living within its walls. Although it contained at least 30% of the population of Warsaw it occupied only 2.4% of the city’s area; this meant that the residents of the ghetto were forced to cram in an average of nine people per room. From 1940 through to 1942 starvation and disease, especially typhoid, killed hundreds of thousands. Over 43,000 residents of the Warsaw ghetto died there in 1941. On January 20th, 1942 a â€Å"final solution to the Jewish question in Europe† was devised by the Nazi leaders. Death camps were built in Eastern Europe with new railway systems that were made to transport Jews from other countries to these remote areas. Jews, as well as other ‘undesirables’ such as Romani, Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, homosexuals, people with physical or mental disabilities, Jehovah’s Witnesses and other political and religious opponents, were rounded up from all over Europe and forced into tightly packed rail freight cars like cattle. If they survived the journey, a small fraction of the Jews were deemed fit to work as slave labour. Everyone else was sent straight to the gas chambers which were disguised as shower rooms to prevent the victims panicking or trying to fight back. People were packed into these ‘shower rooms’ where the doors were bolted shut and a small but deadly pellet of Zyklon-B was dropped in and was activated by the heat of hundreds of human bodies crammed in together, those inside were dead within twenty minutes. By the end of the war six million Jewish men, women and children had been killed; this was more than two-thirds of the Jewish population. We have watched three films based around the Holocaust. The first of the three ‘The Pianist’ is a film based on the true story of a Jewish man, Wladysaw Szpilman: a famous pianist who worked for a polish radio station, living through the Holocaust. The beginning of the film shows the German invasion of Poland, in which Szpilman’s radio station is bombed, and the anti-Jewish laws that the Germans enforce in Poland, for example, when Szpilman is refused entry to the park or the cafà © with his polish friend and made to walk in the gutter to let polish people get primary use of the pavement. Szpilman and his family soon have to move to the Warsaw Ghetto where death became commonplace due to starvation, disease and attempt to rebel against the Nazi’s. The Nazis treat the Jews appallingly; they forced some Jews to dance to humiliate themselves for their own entertainment, a little boy is beaten to death for trying to scavenge some food for his starving family and, in one scene, Szpilman watches from an opposite flat as Nazi soldiers tip someone in a wheel chair out the window because he couldn’t stand up when they ordered him to. After several months in the ghetto, Szpilman and his family are chosen to be taken to the Treblinka death camp, however, Szpilman is saved from boarding the train by Itzak Heller, a Jewish police officer, while his family board the train never to be seen again. Szpilman is then put to work under gruelling, abusive conditions with the ten per cent or so of the Jews that the Nazi’s kept alive to use for slave labour; tearing down the walls that use to separate the ghetto from the rest of Warsaw and rebuilding the houses for new, non-Jewish residents. The Jews who are still alive are planning on rebelling Szpilman helps; smuggling guns into the ghetto. But after almost being caught by a Nazi soldier who suspects he is concealing something in a bag of beans, Szpilman decides to attempt an escape and take his chances hiding in the city. His friend, Dorota, and her husband hide him in an empty apartment near the ghetto wall where he can get by on smuggled food; however he must not make a noise or go outside as there are other, non-Jews living in the building to all believe the room to be empty. From his apartment window he helplessly watches the Jewish ghetto uprising from the 19th of April 1943 to its unsuccessful end on the 16th May. He lives silently in the abandoned apartment for another few months until he accidently smashes a shelf of china plates. Although Szpilman is unhurt the noise alerts other residents to his presence in the abandoned apartment; he is forced to leave his hideout. Szpilman is hidden once more, with the help of people from the Polish resistance, in another abandoned flat but the man supposed to be providing him with food disappears with the money from generous and unwitting donors, pocketing it all for his self. Dorota and her husband find him gravely ill from lack of nutrition but luckily he recovers in time to witness the Warsaw Uprising. His flat gets bombed during the uprising and Szpilman escapes to the abandoned ghetto where he is found by a merciful Nazi officer, Captain Wilm Hosenfeld. Szpilman plays the piano for him to prove that he is a pianist and the soldier, moved by his playing, finds him food and allows him to remain hidden there. Szpilman hides out here until the end of the war when the German Nazis are rounded up and polish prisoners released. The freed prisoners yell insults at the Germans and Hosenfeld, upon hearing that one of the freed prisoners was a violinist, asks him to contact Szpilman; to ask him if he will return the favour of saving him. However, Szpilman is unable to help Hosenfeld as the camp of Nazi prisoners had been moved and Szpilman returns to playing the piano for the Warsaw radio station. As the movie finishes the closing captions on screen tell us that Hosenfeld died in 1952 in a prisoner of war camp but Szpilman continued to live in Warsaw until his death in 2000, aged 88. The second film we watched was ‘The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas’ this film took a different, perspective of the Holocaust than ‘The Pianist’. This film is shown through the point of view of Bruno, the eight-year-old child of a German Nazi officer; he doesn’t really see the Jews as any different to himself yet despite his innocence Bruno still becomes a victim of the Holocaust†¦ At the start of the movie Bruno and his family are moving because his father got a job promotion as Commandant of a Jewish extermination camp. Bruno is upset and lonely because he was forced to leave his friends in Berlin so when he meets Shmuel, a Jewish boy the same age as Bruno, sitting on the other side of the fence, in the death camp, Bruno immediately befriends him. Shmuel tells Bruno that he is a Jew and that the Jewish people have been imprisoned here by soldiers, who also took their clothes and gave them the striped camp clothing, and that he is hungry. Bruno is confused and starts having doubts about his father being a good person. However, Bruno regularly returns to the fence bringing Shmuel food and playing checkers with him through the fence. When Bruno’s Mother realises what’s actually happening at the camp through a comment by one of the younger soldiers â€Å"They smell even worse when they burn,† she is shocked and appalled as she believed it to be a labour camp. She argues with her Husband, insisting that she and the children should move elsewhere, eventually the Mother wins out but Bruno doesn’t want to leave anymore because of his friendship with Shmuel. Shmuel tells Bruno that his father is missing. Bruno gives him the bad news that he will be moving away for good the next day after lunch. Wanting to make up for letting Shmuel down and naive that his father has likely been murdered, Bruno agrees to help Shmuel to find his father, and returns the next day with a shovel to dig a hole under the fence to get into the camp, and Shmuel will bring an extra set of camp clothing; Shmuel’s suggestion that he could leave the camp through the hole is rejected by Bruno, who doesn’t know what it’s really like inside the camp and is determined to find Shmuel’s father. Whilst still searching Bruno and Shmuel get caught up in a crowd of people being marched to the gas chambers where both Bruno and Shmuel are murdered with the other Jews. In the meantime, Bruno’s Mother tells his Father, who was in a meeting about increasing the capacity of the gas chambers, that Bruno is missing. They find Bruno’s clothes next to the hole under the fence and realise that he got into the death camp. His Father runs throughout the camp when he reaches the gas chamber, he realises that Bruno has been brought to the gas chamber with the other Jews, but when He arrives it is too late, the boys are already dead and he is devastated. Upon hearing the Father’s cry of â€Å"Bruno!† his Mother and his sister, Gretel, realise what has happened and are equally devastated. The ending of this film has an element of retribution as Bruno’s father, who has killed thousands of Jewish children, finally gets a taste of what it’s like to lose his child. Finally, the last movie that we watched was ‘Life is Beautiful’. This film was set in Italy about the main character, Guido, a young, Jewish, man who at the opening of the film moves to the city with his friend to work at his uncle’s restaurant where he meets his future wife, Dora, although neither knows it yet. During the beginning of the film you can see how the anti-Semitist feelings built up it Italy for instance when the school children are meant to be lectured on ‘the superior race’, when someone paints â€Å"Beware, Jewish horse† on Guido’s Uncle’s horse, the sign on the shop reading â€Å"No dogs, no Jews!† and, later in the film, when Guido and Dora are married, despite the fact that Guido’s a Jew and Dora’s Italian, people trash their house. On Joshua (Guido and Dora’s son) birthday the Germans arrest Guido, Joshua and Guido’s uncle are taken onto the train to be taken to the death camp Dora insists on going with them even though she isn’t a Jew eventually the Nazi gives in and puts her on the train where she is included with the other Jewish women. Guido is devastated to see his non-Jewish wife board the train. Protecting his son from the horrific truth, Guido tells Joshua that they are simply on a big holiday camp, and he turns the camp into a big game for Joshua, saying that they must win 1000 points to win a real tank and leave. Luckily Guido’s quick thinking saves Joshua from the truth when a German officer requires a translator. Despite not speaking a word of German, Guido steps forward and makes up the â€Å"Regole del Campo† from the German’s body language, claiming that tanks, scoreboards and games of Hide and Seek litter the camp, while cleverly stating that Joshua cannot cry, ask for his mother or declared he’s hungry, resulting in the loss of the â€Å"game†, in other words, death. Joshua later refuses to take a shower (repeated from an earlier part in the film), and unknowingly escapes being gassed, so Guido hides him with the help of other Italian prisoners, since there are no other children. Playing messages over the speakers for Dora, kept prisoner on the other side of the camp, let’s Dora know her son and husband are alive, while the Nazi’s don’t speak Italian. With the help of Guido’s former German friend, Herr Lessing, Guido hides Joshua amongst the German children, while waiting the German Officer’s meals. Hiding Joshua in a junction box for the last time, telling him that everyone is looking for him, Guido jeopardises his own survival to prevent the Germans discovering Joshua, while he attempts to free Dora, giving his own life away at the same time. Once the German’s realise they’ve lost the what they desert the camp, closely followed by the surviving Jews escaping, then, when the Americans break into the seemingly deserted camp the following morning Joshua comes out of hiding just as a tank pulls around the corner so Joshua believes that he has won ‘the Game’. Hitching a lift out, Joshua spots his mother reuniting as the film ends. Although all three of these movies are based on the Holocaust each one uses different themes and different view points. Firstly, ‘The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas’ is filmed from a very innocent, child view point. Bruno is very young and the difference between Jew and German doesn’t matter to him; he doesn’t understand what might be considered wrong in befriending Shmuel. A similar viewpoint is used in ‘Life Is Beautiful’ where Joshua doesn’t know what’s going on because his father told him it was a game. I think that this perspective very effective in displaying the horrors and injustice of the Holocaust and, personally, it makes for a more entertaining film as it uses the audiences’ sympathies to make them more emotionally involved with the plot. However, in displaying historical fact within the film this take has disadvantages because what makes the main characters so innocent is their lack of understanding of their situation which naturally makes it harder for the film to be both educating and entertaining. ‘The Pianist’, however, has a much more grown up approach as, being based on a true story, it sticks to the facts and I felt that I learnt more from that film then I did from the other two. A similar theme that emerges in all three of these films is family. In ‘The Pianist’ Szpilman loses his family early on in the film, although he seems quite close to them before, and he struggles to survive without them probably feeling lonely all those month in hiding with no one with him for company. In ‘The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas’ you see how Bruno’s family are driven apart by their conflicting opinions of the Holocaust; Bruno’s father is a strong believer in Nazi policy and the commandant of the death camp, however, his Mother is quite shocked and appalled when she learns the truth of what’s happening at the death camp and insists on moving away with the kids, whereas Bruno is young and confused as he’s been brought up being told that Jews are basically evil and German soldiers, like his father, are good but when he befriends Shmuel he realises that some Jews are nice, like Shmuel, and begins to doubt his father. Contrast to this, in ‘Life is Beautiful’ you see how Joshua’s family grow closer together because of the Holocaust; they stick together for each other and Guido even sacrifices himself in hope of saving Joshua. Although we often assume that all of the Nazi soldiers were evil, the issue of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ Germans is brought up in all three of these films. Firstly, in ‘The Pianist’ although most Germans are portrayed as evil, the Nazi officer, Captain Hosenfeld, saves Szpilman from starvation or being found and, towards the end of the movie, when he’s a prisoner and begging for help you begin to sympathise with him a bit more, especially when it’s revealed that he died on the caption. Then, in ‘Boy in the Striped Pyjamas’ Bruno befriends Shmuel, and Bruno’s Mother and Grandmother openly disagree with Nazi views, which makes you think not to stereotype all Germans as ‘evil’. And lastly, in ‘Life I Beautiful’ although no German steps out and helps Guido and his family, you do see a doctor (who Guido knew before he was forced to work at the death camp) beginning to lose his stability because the work he is forced to do goes against all his moral values. This adds another layer to the ‘evil Germans’ assumption because maybe not all of them were doing it willingly so therefore does that make them bad?

Gestures and Non Verbal Theory of Communication Essay

Non verbal communication is defined by David Dickson and Owen Hargie as â€Å"all forms of human communication apart from the purely verbal message† (p. 76). This means that any form of communication that does not require the use of language can be considered as non verbal communication that includes body movements which involves the facial expression, body positioning, gestures, and grooming habits (kinesics), verbal messages or tone of voice (paralanguage), and signs, signals and cues that are seen around. Microsoft Encarta defines communication theory as â€Å"the forms of human communication, including branches of linguistics such as semantics as well as telecommunication and other non linguistic forms. The communication experiment In an article entitled â€Å"An Experiment in Two Way Communication on Orcinus orca† by Dudok Van Heel,; C Kaminga , and J. D. VanderToorn, they pointed out an experiment about an attempt â€Å"to achieved inter specific communication between human and a killer whale. † This experiment was to find out if an inter-specific communication with a killer whale is possible. The experiment used acoustical symbols attached to visual object corresponding to auditory stimulus. They used the frequently modulated signals as stimuli which represent two action words â€Å"take and bring. † Result of the experiment The result of the experiment seemed to indicate positive responses as VanHeel, Kamminga, and van der Toorn noted that the â€Å"killer whale† became more and more active in the acoustic domain. † How ever the authors did not give a concrete result as the experiment seemed to take longer time before it yelled positive result. The Underlying Principles The underlying principle behind this experiment was the knowledge that â€Å"odontocetes have impressive brains which could surpass the requirement that will en able the animals to communicate at the level of language. † This is perhaps encouraged by the success of inter-specific communication between man and dolphins. Using Theory of Ethical Ramification (description). The ethical ramification of using theories of communication can be a positive development brought perhaps by different forces that struggles to assert their own identities in the society compared to the â€Å"dichotomous relationship. † (Sender/receiver) It looked like a wide complex scenario inside a department store that people are free to move as they want. But to some extent, it can also be described as a specific place of destination which had multiple directions leading to the place. One can take short cut or detour, or go straight. Summary / Conclusion Modern communication theories have opened many avenues of not only human to human but human to animals as well. Were not surprised by these theories as it comes out seems so natural. What is interesting is the idea of exploring the potential of communication between human and animals. If this proves to be successful it could bring us life benefits as we could communicate our minds with those beasts that we are in danger with the aid of modern communication technology. I would like therefore to make this recommendation. I recommend to those in the authority in this matter to do further research on how man can extend communication with other wild beast either by using gesture, verbal, or non verbal communication. That government provides more fund for this undertaking as this can be very beneficial to every human being. Work Cited Hargie, Owen and Dickson, David 2004. Skilled Interpersonal Communication: Research, Theory and Practice. Routledge. Heel, Dudok van, Kamminga,C van der Toorn, J. D 1982. An Experiment in Two Communication in Orcinus Orca. Http://OurWorld. compuserve. com/homepage/jaap/Gudrun/comm. _1. html Intercultural Technical Communication: The Pedagogical Possibilities of Paralogic Hermeneutics. Orange a Student Journal of Technical Communication. http://orangeserver. org/issues/6-4/daisy. html/document Definition of Communication Theory. Microsoft Encarta

How to Find the Birthplace of Your Immigrant Ancestor

How to Find the Birthplace of Your Immigrant Ancestor Once youve traced your family tree back to the immigrant ancestor, determining his/her birthplace is the key to the next branch in your family tree. Knowing just the country isnt just enough - youll usually have to get down to the town or village level to successfully locate your ancestors records. While it seems a simple enough task, a town name isnt always easy to find. In many records, only the country or possibly county, state, or department of origin were recorded, but not the name of the actual  ancestral town or parish. Even when a place is listed, it may only be the nearby big city, because that was a more recognizable point of reference for people not familiar with the region. The only clue Ive ever found to my 3rd great-grandfathers city/town of origin in Germany, for example, is his tombstone that says he was born in Bremerhaven. But did he really come from the big port city of Bremerhaven? Or is that the port he emigrated from? Was he from a nearby small town, perhaps elsewhere in the city-state of Bremen, or the surrounding state of Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony)? To locate an immigrants town or village of origin you may have to gather clues from numerous sources. Step One: Take Off His Name Tag! Learn everything you can about your immigrant ancestor so that you will be able to identify him in relevant records, and distinguish him from others of the same name. This includes: The immigrants full name including her middle name or maiden name, if applicableA date of birth or the date of another event (marriage, immigration, etc.) with which you may be able to identify your ancestorA place of birth, even if it is just a country of origin for nowThe names of all identifiable relatives parents, spouse, siblings, aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins, etc. Immigrants often traveled with relatives or went to join one who had previously emigrated. These names will also help you to identify your immigrants family in their country of origin.Any other information that may help identify your ancestor, including religion, occupation, friends, neighbors, etc. Dont forget to ask family members and even distant relatives about your ancestors birthplace. You never know who may have personal knowledge or relevant records in their possession. Step Two: Search National Level Indexes Once youve determined the country of origin, look for a national index to vital or civil registration records (births, deaths, marriages) or a national census or other enumeration for that country in the time period in which your ancestor was born (e.g. civil registration index for England Wales). If such an index exists, this might provide a shortcut to learning your ancestors place of birth. You must, however, have enough identifying information to recognize the immigrant, and many countries do not maintain vital records at the national level. Even if you do locate a particular candidate this way, you will still want to follow the other steps as well to verify that your same name individual in the old country is actually your ancestor. Step Three: Identify Records Which May Include the Place of Birth The next goal in your birthplace quest is to find a record or other source that tells you specifically where to start looking in your ancestors country of origin. While searching, it is important to remember that your ancestors last residence prior to emigration may not necessarily be their place of birth. Look at research already done by others. In many cases, other researchers have already found where the emigrant came from. This includes searching through published indexes and genealogies, local biographies and town histories, and databases of compiled records.Locate original records related to the immigrants death, such as death records, church records, obituaries, cemetery records, and probate records. Obituaries published in ethnic newspapers are the most likely to contain specific information such as a town of origin.Check both civil and church sources for a marriage record and records of the childrens births.Search other types of genealogical records which may reveal an ancestors town of origin, including census records, court records, newspapers, and land and property records.Immigration records such as passenger lists and naturalization records are another important source in the search for an immigrants town of birth. While it may seem a better place to start, you usually ne ed the information found in previous steps to enable you to locate immigration and naturalization records. In the United States, for example, census records may reveal whether an ancestor was naturalized. Search for these records in each place where the immigrant lived, for the complete time period when he or she lived there and for some time after his death. Be sure to investigate available records in all jurisdictions that may have kept records about him or her, including town, parish, county, state, and national authorities. Be thorough in your examination of each record, making note of all identifying details such as the immigrants occupation or the names of neighbors, godparents, and witnesses. Step Four: Cast a Wider Net Sometimes after researching all possible records, you will still be unable to find a record of the home town of your immigrant ancestor. In this case, continue the search in the records of identified family members brother, sister, father, mother, cousin, children, etc. to see if you can find a place name associated with them. For example, my great-grandfather emigrated to the United States from Poland but was never naturalized and left no records of his specific town of origin. The town in which they lived was identified, however, on the naturalization record of his eldest daughter (who was born in Poland). Tip!  Church baptismal records for children of immigrant parents are another resource that can be invaluable in a search for immigrant origins. Many immigrants settled in areas and attended churches with others of their same ethnic and geographic background, with a priest or minister who likely knew the family. Sometimes this means records likely to be more specific than just Germany in recording a place of origin. Step Five: Find it on a Map Identify and verify the place name on a map, something that is not always as easy as it sounds. Often you will find multiple places with the same name, or you may find that the town has changed jurisdictions or even disappeared. It is very important here to correlate with historical maps and other sources of information to be sure that you have identified the correct town.

Scottish Surnames Meanings and Origins

Scottish Surnames Meanings and Origins Scottish surnames as we know them today - family names passed down intact from father to son to grandson - were first introduced into Scotland by the Normans about the year 1100. Such hereditary names were not universally prevalent and settled, however. The use of fixed Scottish surnames (last names that didnt change with each generation) wasnt really in prevalent use until the 16th century, and it was well into the late 18th century before surnames were common in the Highlands and northern isles. Origins of Scottish Surnames Surnames in Scotland generally developed from four major sources: Geographical or Local Surnames - These are names derived from the location of the homestead from which the first bearer and his family lived, and are generally the most common origin of Scottish surnames. Most of the earliest people in Scotland to adopt fixed surnames were the nobles and great landowners, who were often called by the land they possessed (e.g. William de Buchan from Buchan, Scotland). Eventually, even those who did not own significant land started to use place names to identify themselves from others of the same name, adopting the name of the village or even the street where the family originated. Tenants often took their name from the estate where they lived. Thus, most of the earliest surnames in Scotland were derived from place names. Topographic surnames derived from vague geographical locations rather than specific places, also fall into this category. These names may refer to physical features such as streams (Burns), moors (Muir) or forests (Wood) or to man-mad e structures, such as a castle or a mill (Milne). Occupational Surnames -   Many Scottish surnames developed from a persons job or trade. Three common Scottish surnames -   Smith (blacksmith), Stewart (steward) and Taylor (tailor) - are excellent examples of this. Offices associated with the kings lands and/or hunting are another common source of Scottish occupational names - names such as Woodward, Hunter,  and Forest.Descriptive Surnames -   Based on a unique quality or physical feature of the individual, these surnames often developed from nicknames or pet names. Most refer to an individuals appearance - color, complexion, or physical shape  - such as Campbell (from  caimbeul, meaning crooked mouth), Duff (Gaelic for dark) and Fairbain (beautiful child). A descriptive surname may also refer to an individuals personality or moral characteristics, such as Godard (good natured) and Hardie (bold or daring).Patronymic and Matronymic Surnames -   These are surnames derived from baptismal or Christian names to indicate family relationship or descent. Some baptismal or given names have become surnames without any change in form. Others added a prefix or an ending. The use of Mac and Mc was prevalent throughout Scotland, but especially in the Highlands, to indicate son of (e.g. Mackenzie, son of Coinneach/Kenneth). In lowland Scotland, the suffix ​-   son was more commonly added to the fathers given name to form a patronymic surname. These true patronymic surnames changed with each successive generation. Thus, Roberts son, John, might become known as John Robertson. Johns son, Mangus, would then be called Mangus Johnson, and so on. This true patronymic naming practice continued in most families until at least the fifteenth or sixteenth century before a family name was eventually adopted that passed down unchanged from father to son. Scottish Clan Names Scottish clans, from the Gaelic clann, meaning family, provided a formal structure for extended families of shared descent. Clans each identified with a geographical area, usually an ancestral castle, and were originally controlled by a Clan Chief, officially registered with the court of the Lord Lyon, King of Arms which controls heraldry and Coat of Arms registration in Scotland. Historically, a clan was made up of everyone who lived on the chiefs territory, people for which he was responsible and who, in turn, owed allegiance to the chief. Thus, not everyone in a clan was genetically related to one another, nor did all members of a clan bear a single surname. Scottish Surnames - Meanings Origins Anderson, Campbell, MacDonald, Scott, Smith, Stewart... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 100 common Scottish last names? If so, then youll want to check out our list of the most commonly occurring surnames in Scotland, including details on each names origin, meaning, and alternate spellings.   TOP 100 COMMON SCOTTISH SURNAMES THEIR MEANINGS 1. SMITH 51. RUSSELL 2. BROWN 52. MURPHY 3. WILSON 53. HUGHES 4. CAMPBELL 54. WRIGHT 5. STEWART 55. SUTHERLAND 6. ROBERTSON 56. GIBSON 7. THOMPSON 57. GORDON 8. ANDERSON 58. WOOD 9. REID 59. BURNS 10. MACDONALD 60. CRAIG 11. SCOTT 61. CUNNINGHAM 12. MURRAY 62. WILLIAMS 13. TAYLOR 63. MILNE 14. CLARK 64. JOHNSTONE 15. WALKER 65. STEVENSON 16. MITCHELL 66. MUIR 17. YOUNG 67. WILLIAMSON 18. ROSS 68. MUNRO 19. WATSON 69. MCKAY 20. GRAHAM 70. BRUCE 21. MCDONALD 71. MCKENZIE 22. HENDERSON 72. WHITE 23. PATERSON 73. MILLAR 24. MORRISON 74. DOUGLAS 25. MILLER 75. SINCLAIR 26. DAVIDSON 76. RITCHIE 27. GRAY 77. DOCHERTY 28. FRASER 78. FLEMING 29. MARTIN 79. MCMILLAN 30. KERR 80. WATT 31. HAMILTON 81. BOYLE 32. CAMERON 82. CRAWFORD 33. KELLY 83. MCGREGOR 34. JOHNSTON 84. JACKSON 35. DUNCAN 85. HILL 36. FERGUSON 86. SHAW 37. HUNTER 87. CHRISTIE 38. SIMPSON 88. KING 39. ALLAN 89. MOORE 40. BELL 90. MACLEAN 41. GRANT 91. AITKEN 42. MACKENZIE 92. LINDSAY 43. MCLEAN 93. CURRIE 44. MACLEOD 94. DICKSON 45. MACKAY 95. GREEN 46. JONES 96. MCLAUGHLIN 47. WALLACE 97. JAMIESON 48. BLACK 98. WHYTE 49. MARSHALL 99. MCINTOSH 50. KENNEDY 100. WARD Source: National Records of Scotland - Most Common Surnames, 2014

Hip-hop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hip-hop - Essay Example For a long time, hip-hop was only a black person’s way of expressing the life in the ghetto. The very start of the hip-hop culture was to make sure that the world, mainly in the American society, knew and understood that the American minorities were undergoing different hurdles. The important part was to make sure, that they could reach out, use music to express themselves and tell of their views about everything taking place in the society. Ideally, hip-hop started out as music before the culture took over and began looking at the way things are taking shape. The important thing is to realize that music became the ideal way of creating awareness of a culture coming up in the society today. Every locality has created a version of hip-hop that suits the community best. It inspired resilience, violence and civil rights. It was a way of expressing the disinterest in the way African Americans were being treated, with most of the musicians being unemployed and living off handouts. From the 1970s to date, the growth of hip-hop has become an international avenue for anyone willing to use it to spread positive messages across the world. The black communities made hip-hop evolve to other societies and communities. Their aim was to spread it everywhere and catalyze the growth of a new culture across the world. It was no longer a black person’s way of expression but now common amongst Latinos, whites, and other communities. It took different versions as people began associating it with violence, flashy things as well as sex and money. The origins were in poverty, but the new version of hip-hop had a way of making some of the revered things such as violence seems glorified. Hip-hop was not only a place to use lyrics as a way of expression, but also to use them to appeal to different things. For instance, some musicians will use hip-hop as a way of showing wealth. This

Comparison of PICASSO, Gertrude Stein and GAUGUIN, Two Tahitian Women Term Paper

Comparison of PICASSO, Gertrude Stein and GAUGUIN, Two Tahitian Women - Term Paper Example The work of Gauguin involves the use of several elements in painting that are similar to other post-impressionists. In Two Tahitian Women, Gauguin uses simplified colors and solid form to come up with the painting. Building from flat objects lacking traditional notions of perspective, Gauguin presents his ideas perfectly in the painting. The use of a white table cloth pushed directly to the foreground of the picture creates the still-life concept developed by Gauguin. The painting uses soft golden hues in the treatment of light with the focus being on primitivism and uses nude picture. (Eaves 89) The question asked by the observer is whether the approach of Gauguin is to present evil or immorality to the children. In fact, the challenge is with the views especially with the treatment of breast in the picture. The presentation of seminude women in the painting is a source of concern for the society.  Analysis of the work of Gauguin However, the artistic impression presente d is superb because it combines all the elements of painting to form a striking picture. The picture is not a deliberate attempt towards eroticism because the soft shadows on the woman’s breast contribute to their beauty, by capturing all sense of femininity using the light aesthetically. The reproduction of the paintings has added the use of the terms mango blossoms which is not on the original painting. The use of light in the picture is excellent because it brings out the integral elements in the picture, which is femininity and emotional attraction. The work by Gauguin presents his personal opinion and idea about feminism and the role of women in the society (Barnet 63). The artistic presentation of semi-nude women brings out the focus of the artist in the society. It involves personal opinion, but the postmodernism presents the various ideas as a social issue that affected most of the artist. Post-impressionism in the artistic presentation of the 1900s is by the envir onment of the artists. Gauguin developed his own style by using vivid and bold colors, which does not show a naturalistic bias. He does not use a visible outlining in the painting but emphasizes the shapes of nature without basic outline.  The forms presented are more decorative and separate forms rather than presenting the idea as a cohesive and natural landscape. His synthetic style is not evident, but there are particular features associated with synthetic style. It is that the change in style may be a product of influence from his friend Emile Bernard especially his painting of Breton women (Eaves 124). The influence of other artists on the work of Gauguin is evident in the artwork done during their friendship. For example, the Old Women at Arles unites the influence of Bernard and Van Gogh illustrating the similarity in style between the two artists.  Analysis of the paintings of Picasso The work of Picasso is different from Gauguin because Picasso focused his work ed on the social issues. Picasso’s most common work was Guernica, which is a powerful political statement. The work of Picasso focused on his emotions in relation to events in the society. Picasso was against attack by Spain on the civilian. The invasion spearheaded the work of Picasso who devoted himself in using art to denounce the evils of the intentional military intrusion and attack on civilians. The work of art by Picasso